ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Peripheral Inflammatory Markers TNF-α and CCL2 Revisited: Association with Parkinson's Disease Severity.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of TNF signaling pathway in post-stroke cognitive impairment: a systematic review.Annals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Randomized controlled trial evaluating synbiotic supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Trial
- Impact of 12 Weeks of Vitamin DNutrients · 2023Trial
- Serum VIP and IL-1β Levels Are Associated With Anxiety and Depression in Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Review
- Microglia-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate acute a-synuclein induced astrocyte inflammation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- CCL2 and PAK6 as Candidate Biomarkers of Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease: An Integrated Machine Learning and Single-Nucleus Transcriptomic Study.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Peripheral immunochemical considerations in Parkinson disease: sources, targets and crosstalk mechanisms.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Neuro-Immune Crosstalk: Molecular Mechanisms, Biological Functions, Diseases, and Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2026Review
- Bridging the Gap: The Neuro-immune Axis as a Key Player in Neurodegenerative Disorders.Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Review
- Inter-Organ Crosstalk in Neurodegenerative Disease.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles as therapeutic modulators of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: a focus on signaling mechanisms.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- Correlation of inflammatory markers with depression and sleep disorders accompanying the prodromal stage of Parkinson's disease.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Review
- Changes in Concentration of Selected Biomarkers of Exposure in Users of Classic Cigarettes, E-Cigarettes, and Heated Tobacco Products-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Notch3 deletion regulates HIV-1 gene expression and systemic inflammation to ameliorate chronic kidney disease.Disease models & mechanisms · 2025Article
- Decoding the therapeutic potential mechanism ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Potential Biomarkers and Treatment of Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2025Review
- Mechanism analysis and intervention strategies of the inflammatory microenvironment in traumatic spinal cord injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Association Between Neuroinflammation and Parkinson's Disease: A Comprehensive Mendelian Randomization Study.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Experimental peri-implantitis induces neuroinflammation: An exploratory study in rats.BMC oral health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
One of the major mediators of neuroinflammation in PD is tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), which, similar to other cytokines, is produced by activated microglia and astrocytes. Although TNF-α can be neuroprotective in the brain, long-term neuroinflammation and TNF release can be harmful, having a neurotoxic role that leads to death of oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and neurons and, therefore, is associated with neurodegeneration. Apart from cytokines, a wide family of molecules with homologous structures, namely chemokines, play a key role in neuro-inflammation by drawing cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and activating microglia. The objective of the current study was to examine the levels of the serum TNF-α and CCL2 (Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2), also known as MCP-1 (Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1), in PD patients compared with healthy controls. We also investigated the associations between the serum levels of these two inflammatory mediators and a number of clinical symptoms, in particular, disease severity and cognition. Such an assessment may point to their prognostic value and provide some treatment hints. PD patients with advanced stage on the Hoehn-Yahr scale showed an increase in TNF-α levels compared with PD patients with stages 1 and 2 (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.