ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
A Single Episode of Cortical Spreading Depolarization Increases mRNA Levels of Proinflammatory Cytokines, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Pannexin-1 Channels in the Cerebral Cortex.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of the causes and consequences of spreading depolarization in neuroinflammation; implications for neurovascular disorders.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Pooled it
- Sensory neuron-derived CCL5 orchestrates an immunosuppressive niche via regulatory T cells to fuel head and neck tumor progression.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Serum tumor necrosis factor-α levels in migraine: a registry for migraine (REFORM) study.Pain reports · 2026Article
- Beyond AQP-4: convergent glymphatic-meningeal lymphatic dysfunction underlying multifactorial migraine pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Association between carbohydrate consumption and self-assessed severe headache or migraine among American adults.Journal of nutritional science · 2026Article
- Integrative Migraine Therapy: From Current Concepts to Future Directions-A Plastic Surgeon's Perspective.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Association between serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels and migraine: a REFORM study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Spreading depolarization is followed by seizure-like activation of the hippocampus: potential mechanism of migraine-aura triggered seizures.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Effect of lacosamide on cortical spreading depolarization in mice.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Spreading depolarization triggers pro- and anti-inflammatory signalling: a potential link to headache.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Association of plasma soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor concentrations and migraine with aura: a REFORM study.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Role of astrocytes connexins - pannexins in acute brain injury.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Review
- Unraveling the interplay of neuroinflammatory signaling between parenchymal and meningeal cells in migraine headache.The journal of headache and pain · 2024Review
- Inflammatory response of leptomeninges to a single cortical spreading depolarization.The journal of headache and pain · 2024Article
- Deciphering migraine pain mechanisms through electrophysiological insights of trigeminal ganglion neurons.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Optogenetic cortical spreading depolarization induces headache-related behaviour and neuroinflammatory responses some prolonged in familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 mice.The journal of headache and pain · 2023Article
- Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide mRNA Synthesis in Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons after Cortical Spreading Depolarization.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Molecular Research on Migraine: From Pathogenesis to Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Experimental and Clinical Investigation of Cytokines in Migraine: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Repetitive spreading depolarization induces gene expression changes related to synaptic plasticity and neuroprotective pathways.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cortical spreading depolarization (CSD) is the neuronal correlate of migraine aura and the reliable consequence of acute brain injury. The role of CSD in triggering headaches that follow migraine aura and brain injury remains to be uncertain. We examined whether a single CSD occurring in awake animals modified the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (Il1b, TNF, and Il6) and endogenous mediators of nociception/neuroinflammation-pannexin 1 (Panx1) channel and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), transforming growth factor beta (TGFb) in the cortex. Unilateral microinjury of the somatosensory cortex triggering a single CSD was produced in awake Wistar rats. Three hours later, tissue samples from the lesioned cortex, intact ipsilesional cortex invaded by CSD, and homologous areas of the contralateral sham-treated cortex were harvested and analyzed using qPCR. Three hours post-injury, intact CSD-exposed cortexes increased TNF, Il1b, Panx1, and CGRP mRNA levels. The strongest upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines was observed at the injury site, while CGRP and Panx1 were upregulated more strongly in the intact cortexes invaded by CSD. A single CSD is sufficient to produce low-grade parenchymal neuroinflammation with simultaneous overexpression of Panx1 and CGRP. The CSD-induced molecular changes may contribute to pathogenic mechanisms of migraine pain and post-injury headache.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.