ReviewInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
Safety of Nicotine Replacement Therapy during Pregnancy: A Narrative Review.
Review in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Breaking the Habit: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pregnancy-Related Smoking Cessation Randomized Controlled Trials.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Rural-urban differences in substance use during pregnancy.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2025Article
- Impact of E-Cigarettes on Fetal and Neonatal Lung Development: The Influence of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- A comparative analysis of smoking status among the Roma and the general population during pregnancy: The critical role of midwives in smoking cessation.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2025Article
- Knowledge and perceptions of nicotine, smoking cessation and electronic nicotine delivery systems among physicians and pharmacists in a Swiss hospital group.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Provision of E-Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy: Perceptions and Experiences of Pregnant Women from Two UK Sites.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Cigarette Smoking Abstinence Among Pregnant Individuals Using E-Cigarettes or Nicotine Replacement Therapy.JAMA network open · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSmoking during pregnancy is a public health problem worldwide and the leading preventable cause of fetal morbidity and mortality and obstetric disease. Although the risk of tobacco-related harm can be substantially reduced if mothers stop smoking in the first trimester, the proportion of women who do so remains modest; therefore, the treatment of smoking in pregnant women will be the first therapeutic measure that health professionals should adopt when providing care to pregnant women. The recommendation of nicotine replacement therapy during pregnancy remains controversial due to the potential effects on the health of the fetus. PURPOSE: The aim of this review was to provide an overview of human studies about the use of nicotine replacement therapy during pregnancy, evaluating the efficacy and safety of the different formulations.
methodsThe electronic databases PubMed and EMBASE were searched from May 2012 to May 2022. A total of 95 articles were identified through database searching using a combination of keywords. Out of 79 screened articles and after the removal of duplicates, 28 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and 12 articles were finally included for review.
resultsAlthough demonstrated to be effective in adult smokers, evidence in support of NRT in pregnant women is limited. The results of the apparent safety of the use of NRT during pregnancy contradict the FDA classification of the different NRT formulations. Faster-acting formulations seem to be the safest and even most beneficial forms for the offspring.
conclusionsNRT is not completely harmless for the fetus or for the mother; however, if an adequate assessment of the risk-benefit binomial is made, its use during pregnancy to aid in quitting smoking does seem appropriate. It is necessary to establish individual recommendations on the formulation and dose to be used during pregnancy based on individual nicotinic needs.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.