ReviewCancers2022
Current State of Immunotherapy and Mechanisms of Immune Evasion in Ewing Sarcoma and Osteosarcoma.
Review in Cancers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- From mechanism to therapy: advances in macrophage polarisation and targeted intervention in osteosarcoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Immunotherapy in pediatric bone sarcomas: Current progress and future directions.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Brucea Javanica Oil Attenuates Osteosarcoma Progression by Reprogramming Tumor-associated Macrophages via Inhibiting PI3K/AKT Pathway.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Biomimetic dual-driven STING nanoagonist orchestrates neoadjuvant mild photo-immunotherapy for fibrosarcoma.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Perspective on Lessons Not Learned: From Coley's Toxins to Microbial Drug Delivery, Guidance for Institutional Review Boards (IRBs).International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Precision nanomedicine for lung metastatic osteosarcoma: challenges, therapeutic strategies, and perspectives.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- αvβ3-targeted gas vesicles for ultrasound molecular imaging of tumors.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Lumbar Ewing's Sarcoma Mimicking a Herniated Disc in a Young Adult: A Case Report.International medical case reports journal · 2026Article
- Advances in T cell-based immunotherapy for osteosarcoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Engineering immunity in osteosarcoma: nanomedicine strategies for overcoming immune evasion.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 6 mRNA Lipid Nanoparticles Ignite Antitumor Immunity and Suppress Tumorigenesis in Ewing Sarcoma.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2025Article
- Article
- Suicide gene therapy targeting ewing sarcoma via an ewing-specific GGAA promoter.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Decoding the immune landscape in Ewing sarcoma pathogenesis: The role of tumor infiltrating immune cells and immune milieu.Journal of bone oncology · 2025Review
- CD99: A Key Regulator in Immune Response and Tumor Microenvironment.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Advancements in Osteosarcoma Therapy: Overcoming Chemotherapy Resistance and Exploring Novel Pharmacological Strategies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Clinical characterization and therapeutic targeting of fusion genes in oncology.Future oncology (London, England) · 2025Review
- Targeted inactivation of EWSR1 : : FLI1 gene in Ewing sarcoma via CRISPR/Cas9 driven by an Ewing-specific GGAA promoter.Cancer gene therapy · 2025Article
- Integrated analysis reveals an immune evasion prognostic signature for predicting the overall survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
- A detoxified TLR4 agonist inhibits tumour growth and lung metastasis of osteosarcoma by promoting CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocyte infiltration.BJC reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We argue here that in many ways, Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is a unique tumor entity and yet, it shares many commonalities with other immunologically cold solid malignancies. From the historical perspective, EwS, osteosarcoma (OS) and other bone and soft-tissue sarcomas were the first types of tumors treated with the immunotherapy approach: more than 100 years ago American surgeon William B. Coley injected his patients with a mixture of heat-inactivated bacteria, achieving survival rates apparently higher than with surgery alone. In contrast to OS which exhibits recurrent somatic copy-number alterations, EwS possesses one of the lowest mutation rates among cancers, being driven by a single oncogenic fusion protein, most frequently EWS-FLI1. In spite these differences, both EwS and OS are allied with immune tolerance and low immunogenicity. We discuss here the potential mechanisms of immune escape in these tumors, including low representation of tumor-specific antigens, low expression levels of MHC-I antigen-presenting molecules, accumulation of immunosuppressive M2 macrophages and myeloid proinflammatory cells, and release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) which are capable of reprogramming host cells in the tumor microenvironment and systemic circulation. We also discuss the vulnerabilities of EwS and OS and potential novel strategies for their targeting.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.