ReviewCancers2022
Mechanisms and Strategies to Overcome PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.
Review in Cancers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- First-line immunotherapy efficacy in advanced squamous non-small cell lung cancer with PD-L1 expression ≥50%: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Advancements in Immune Checkpoint-Based Immunotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- A novel colchicine-binding site inhibitor suppresses triple-negative breast cancer growth and metastasis and synergizes with anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy in an immunogenic cancer model.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2026Article
- From State, Pathway, to Niche: The Ternary Network of Breast Cancer Stem-like Cells Driving Tumor Progression and Combination Therapy Prospects.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Breast cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms of immune evasion, biomarkers, and emerging therapeutic strategies.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Alpha-Lipoic Acid Inhibits IFN-γ-Induced PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer Cells and Enhances T-Cell-Mediated Anti-Tumor Cytotoxicity.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Tumor microenvironment and key signaling pathways in breast cancer progression and therapy resistance: A review.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2026Review
- scCT-DB, an omnibus for cancer patient-derived paired pre- and post-treatment single-cell transcriptomes to reveal drug perturbation and drug resistance mechanisms.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Epigenetic Reprogramming of Erythroid Progenitor Cells: Insights for Enhancing Cancer Immunotherapy.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Spiegelmer Aptamers: Innovative Approach in Breast Cancer.Breast cancer : basic and clinical research · 2026Review
- Optimizing immunotherapy-radiotherapy synergy in triple-negative breast cancer: mechanisms, clinical evidence, and therapeutic windows.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Harnessing IDO inhibitors to optimize cancer immunotherapy.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Decoding breast cancer: insights into molecular pathways & therapeutic approaches.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- A novel anti-PD-L1/IL-8 bispecific antibody BP2402 enhances antitumor immunity and modulates inflammatory signaling in triple-negative breast cancer mice model.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Targeting the CXCR4/CXCL12 Axis to Overcome Drug Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Cells · 2025Review
- Neoantigen-Driven Immunotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Emerging Strategies and Clinical Potential.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- The Underlying Mechanisms and Emerging Strategies to Overcome Resistance in Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
- The Health Impact of Using Anti-PD-1 Agents to Treat Early-Stage Cancer in Belgium.Oncology and therapy · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by a high rate of systemic metastasis, insensitivity to conventional treatment and susceptibility to drug resistance, resulting in a poor patient prognosis. The immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represented by antibodies of programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and programmed death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) have provided new therapeutic options for TNBC. However, the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade monotherapy is suboptimal immune response, which may be caused by reduced antigen presentation, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, interplay with other immune checkpoints and aberrant activation of oncological signaling in tumor cells. Therefore, to improve the sensitivity of TNBC to ICIs, suitable patients are selected based on reliable predictive markers and treated with a combination of ICIs with other therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, oncologic virus and neoantigen-based therapies. This review discusses the current mechanisms underlying the resistance of TNBC to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, the potential biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy and recent advances in the combination therapies to increase response rates, the depth of remission and the durability of the benefit of TNBC to ICIs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.