ArticleDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2022
miR-146a, miR-221, and miR-155 are Involved in Inflammatory Immune Response in Severe COVID-19 Patients.
Article in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating the Role of microRNA in Host-Influenza A and Other Respiratory RNA Virus Interactions.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- MicroRNAs in Long COVID: Key Regulators, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Targets of Post-SARS-CoV-2 Sequelae.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Integrated miR-omics and proteomics reveal the regulatory role of miR in protein networks associated with COVID-19 disease progression.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The regulatory mechanisms and translational applications of non-coding RNA in SARS-CoV-2 infection-related cardiovascular pathology.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- In Silico Analysis of MiRNA Regulatory Networks to Identify Potential Biomarkers for the Clinical Course of Viral Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Inflammatory cytokine-primed MSC-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate acute lung injury via enhanced immunomodulation and alveolar repair.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- Profile of Selected MicroRNAs as Markers of Sex-Specific Anti-S/RBD Response to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in Health Care Workers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Preoperative Expression Profiles of miR-146a and miR-221 as Potential Biomarkers for Differentiating Benign from Malignant Thyroid Nodules.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Novel Biomarkers for SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- Expression of microRNAs in the detection and therapeutic roles of viral infections: Mechanisms and applications.Journal of virus eradication · 2025Review
- Review
- Harnessing Epigenetics: Innovative Approaches in Diagnosing and Combating Viral Acute Respiratory Infections.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The relationship between microRNAs and COVID-19 complications.Non-coding RNA research · 2025Review
- Recent advances in the development and clinical application of miRNAs in infectious diseases.Non-coding RNA research · 2025Review
- Urinary Proteome and Exosome Analysis Protocol for the Discovery of Respiratory Diseases Biomarkers.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Article
- Protein swarm-based cause-effect analysis: effects of microRNAs on cooperation networks linking COVID-19 infections, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- MiRNA Dysregulation in Brain Injury: AnCurrent neuropharmacology · 2025Article
- Importance of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation and Molecular Regulation as Therapeutic Strategies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Navigating Hemorrhagic Shock: Biomarkers, Therapies, and Challenges in Clinical Care.Biomedicines · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
COVID-19 infection triggered a global public health crisis during the 2020-2022 period, and it is still evolving. This highly transmissible respiratory disease can cause mild symptoms up to severe pneumonia with potentially fatal respiratory failure. In this cross-sectional study, 41 PCR-positive patients for SARS-CoV-2 and 42 healthy controls were recruited during the first wave of the pandemic in Mexico. The plasmatic expression of five circulating miRNAs involved in inflammatory and pathological host immune responses was assessed using RT-qPCR (Reverse Transcription quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction). Compared with controls, a significant upregulation of miR-146a, miR-155, and miR-221 was observed; miR-146a had a positive correlation with absolute neutrophil count and levels of brain natriuretic propeptide (proBNP), and miR-221 had a positive correlation with ferritin and a negative correlation with total cholesterol. We found here that CDKN1B gen is a shared target of miR-146a, miR-221-3p, and miR-155-5p, paving the way for therapeutic interventions in severe COVID-19 patients. The ROC curve built with adjusted variables (miR-146a, miR-221-3p, miR-155-5p, age, and male sex) to differentiate individuals with severe COVID-19 showed an AUC of 0.95. The dysregulation of circulating miRNAs provides new insights into the underlying immunological mechanisms, and their possible use as biomarkers to discriminate against patients with severe COVID-19. Functional analysis showed that most enriched pathways were significantly associated with processes related to cell proliferation and immune responses (innate and adaptive). Twelve of the predicted gene targets have been validated in plasma/serum, reflecting their potential use as predictive prognosis biomarkers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.