ReviewDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Central Nervous System Involvement in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: Narrative Review of MRI Findings.
Review in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pulmonary amyloidosis, gastric MALT lymphoma, and multiple sclerosis in a patient with Sjögren's disease: a case report and review of the literature.Rheumatology international · 2026Pooled it
- The immuno-neurological axis: association between autoimmune diseases and dementia risk.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Discordance Between Ultrasonographic and Clinical Outcomes After Corticosteroid Injection in Sjögren's Disease-Associated Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Somatostatin and Its Analogues as Second-Line Treatments in Non-Neoplastic Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The Role of Imaging Techniques in the Evaluation of Extraglandular Manifestations in Patients with Sjögren's Syndrome.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Renal tubular acidosis as the initial presentation of Sjögren syndrome complicated by iatrogenic central pontine myelinolysis: a case report.Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Article
- Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder overlapping with Sjögren's disease: immunopathological links and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Sjögren's syndrome is associated with a reduction in the surface area of the right caudal anterior cingulate gyrus.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Causal effect of three autoimmune diseases on brain functional networks and cerebrospinal fluid metabolites to underlie the pathogenesis of autoimmune psychosis: a two-sample mendelian randomization analysis.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Diversity of central nervous system manifestations in Sjogren's Disease: a case-based review.Rheumatology international · 2025Article
- Neurological involvement in primary Sjögren's syndrome: a retrospective analysis of clinical, radiological, laboratory and therapeutic correlations.BMJ neurology open · 2025Article
- Central Nervous System Involvement in Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases-Diagnosis and Treatment.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Neurological and Psychiatric Clinical Manifestations of Sjögren Syndrome.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2024Review
- Neurological injury in primary Sjogren's syndrome.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is one of the numerous extraglandular manifestations of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Moreover, neurological complaints precede the sicca symptoms in 25-60% of the cases. We review the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions typical for pSS, involving the conventional examination, volumetric and morphometric studies, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting-state fMRI. The most common radiological lesions in pSS are white matter hyperintensities (WMH), scattered alterations hyperlucent on T2 and FLAIR sequences, typically located periventricularly and subcortically. Cortical atrophy and ventricular dilatation can also occur in pSS. Whilst these conditions are thought to be more common in pSS than healthy controls, DTI and resting-state fMRI alterations demonstrate evident microstructural changes in pSS. As pSS is often accompanied by cognitive symptoms, these MRI alterations are expectedly related to them. This relationship is not clearly delineated in conventional MRI studies, but DTI and resting-state fMRI examinations show more convincing correlations. In conclusion, the CNS manifestations of pSS do not follow a certain pattern. As the link between the MRI lesions and clinical manifestations is not well established, more studies involving larger populations should be performed to elucidate the correlations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.