ArticlePlant physiology2023
Zeaxanthin is required for eyespot formation and phototaxis in Euglena gracilis.
Article in Plant physiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mapping the proteome landscape inPlant signaling & behavior · 2026Article
- Affordable CRISPR RNP-Based Genome Editing in Euglena gracilis.Current protocols · 2026Article
- Acceleration and Light-Induced Changes in Cytosolic cAMP Concentration inBiomolecules · 2026Article
- Structural insights into the divergent evolution of a photosystem I supercomplex inScience advances · 2025Article
- Progress and challenges in CRISPR/Cas applications in microalgae.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Review
- Cytochromes P450 evolution in the plant terrestrialization context.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Review
- Reddening of the Unicellular Green AlgaPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- High-efficiency genome editing by Cas12a ribonucleoprotein complex in Euglena gracilis.Microbial biotechnology · 2024Article
- Illuminating the diversity of carotenoids in microalgal eyespots and phototaxis.Plant signaling & behavior · 2023Review
- Industrially Important Fungal Carotenoids: Advancements in Biotechnological Production and Extraction.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Characterization of Phytoene Desaturase Knockout Carotenoid-Deficient Microalgal Mutants Generated by Cas9-Ribonucleoprotein Complexes.Physiologia plantarumArticle
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The eyespot apparatus is an organelle that forms carotenoid-rich globules in diverse flagellated microalgae and functions in phototaxis. The euglenophytes have structurally and functionally distinct eyespot apparatuses from chlorophytes. β-Carotene is the most abundant pigment detected in chlorophytes' eyespots, while xanthophylls such as zeaxanthin and diadinoxanthin have been suggested to function in euglenophytes' eyespots. Here, we investigated the association between carotenoid composition and eyespot formation via pathway-scale mutagenesis using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated genome editing in the euglenophyte Euglena gracilis. Lycopene cyclase (lcy) mutants exhibited sole lycopene accumulation, defective red eyespots, and phototactic insensitivity. Conversely, β-carotene hydroxylase (cytochrome P450 97h1, cyp97h1) mutants accumulated β-carotene and its hydroxylated products β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin and formed phototactic eyespot apparatuses, while cyp97h1 cyp97f2 double mutants were deficient in β-carotene hydroxylation and mostly lacked functional eyespots. Thus, zeaxanthin is required for the stable formation of functional eyespots in E. gracilis, highlighting evolutionary differences between euglenophytes and chlorophytes in the metabolic regulation of photoreactive organelle formation.
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