SynthesisBMC pregnancy and childbirth2023
Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn: systematic literature review of the antenatal landscape.
Synthesis in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rhesus testing and anti-D prophylaxis in RhD-negative women undergoing first-trimester abortion-Systematic Review and Opinion.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Pooled it
- Reporting of management and outcomes in the hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn: a systematic literature review.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Pooled it
- Patient experience and burden of haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn: a systematic review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin following plasma exchange in the management of ABO haemolytic disease of the newborn.Vox sanguinis · 2026Trial
- Non-immune hydrops fetalis (NIHF): diagnostic evaluation and lessons learned from a case series.Future science OA · 2026Article
- Study Design of the Global Prospective Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn Registry (GERANIUM).American journal of perinatology · 2026Article
- Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology towards a standardized outcome set for clinical trials in Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn (HDFN): preliminary findings from two European advisory boards.Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology · 2026Review
- Premature Ductus Arteriosus Constriction and Pulmonary Trunk Dilation in a Case of Non-Immune Hydrops Fetalis With Trisomy 21.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Understanding the consequences of being RhD immunized during pregnancy 10 years after introduction of targeted routine antenatal anti-D prophylaxis: A retrospective nationwide cohort study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Doppler Assessment of the Fetal Brain Circulation.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Immunohaematological Testing, Monitoring, and Treatment of Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn: Where are we in this Field after 25 Years?Journal of mother and child · 2026Article
- Severe Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus Treated with Serial Intrauterine Transfusions: A Case Report and Review of Current Management.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Red blood cell alloimmunization and pregnancy: Diagnosis and management.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Review
- Clinical characteristics and outcomes of pregnancies at-risk of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn in Sweden, Finland, and Denmark: a population-based register study.AJOG global reports · 2025Article
- Alloimmunization in Pregnancy: Patient-reported Quality of Care, Mental Health Effects, and Impact Upon Daily Life.AJP reports · 2025Article
- Neonatal Hemolytic Jaundice: Causes, Diagnostic Approach, and Management.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Targeting the Neonatal Fc Receptor in Autoimmune Diseases: Pipeline and Progress.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2025Review
- Fetal Hydrops: Genetic Dissection of an Unspecific Sonographic Finding-A Comprehensive Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Research progress in RBC alloimmunization.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Fetal treatment and long-term neonatal outcomes in severe maternal red cell alloimmunization - a single-centre experience.Case reports in perinatal medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrevention of pregnancy-related alloimmunization and the management of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) has significantly improved over the past decades. Considering improvements in HDFN care, the objectives of this systematic literature review were to assess the prenatal treatment landscape and outcomes of Rh(D)- and K-mediated HDFN in mothers and fetuses, to identify the burden of disease, to identify evidence gaps in the literature, and to provide recommendations for future research.
methodsWe performed a systematic search on MEDLINE, EMBASE and clinicaltrials.gov. Observational studies, trials, modelling studies, systematic reviews of cohort studies, and case reports and series of women and/or their fetus with HDFN caused by Rhesus (Rh)D or Kell alloimmunization. Extracted data included prevalence; treatment patterns; clinical outcomes; treatment efficacy; and mortality.
resultsWe identified 2,541 articles. After excluding 2,482 articles and adding 1 article from screening systematic reviews, 60 articles were selected. Most abstracted data were from case reports and case series. Prevalence was 0.047% and 0.006% for Rh(D)- and K-mediated HDFN, respectively. Most commonly reported antenatal treatment was intrauterine transfusion (IUT; median frequency [interquartile range]: 13.0% [7.2-66.0]). Average gestational age at first IUT ranged between 25 and 27 weeks. weeks. This timing is early and carries risks, which were observed in outcomes associated with IUTs. The rate of hydrops fetalis among pregnancies with Rh(D)-mediated HDFN treated with IUT was 14.8% (range, 0-50%) and 39.2% in K-mediated HDFN. Overall mean ± SD fetal mortality rate that was found to be 19.8%±29.4% across 19 studies. Mean gestational age at birth ranged between 34 and 36 weeks.
conclusionThese findings corroborate the rareness of HDFN and frequently needed intrauterine transfusion with inherent risks, and most births occur at a late preterm gestational age. We identified several evidence gaps providing opportunities for future studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.