ArticleBMC gastroenterology2023
SPOCK1 and POSTN are valuable prognostic biomarkers and correlate with tumor immune infiltrates in colorectal cancer.
Article in BMC gastroenterology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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11 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Testican-1-MMP axis in tumour extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling: interaction dynamics analysis and an in silico perspective.The Journal of pathology · 2026Article
- Testican-1 activates Wnt/β-Catenin signaling to drive colorectal cancer progression.Oncogenesis · 2026Article
- SPARC family proteins: matricellular modulators of cancer progression and therapeutic resistance.Cancer gene therapy · 2026Review
- Contrasting Prognostic Roles of Stromal Periostin Expression and Immune Cells Infiltration in Colorectal Carcinoma.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2026Article
- Periostin: A matricellular protein with a multifaceted role in tumorigenesis (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- The oncogenic role of SPOCK1 in lung carcinoma by promoting immune evasion and its related mechanisms.Cytotechnology · 2025Article
- Understanding of the characteristics of fibroblasts in ischemic cardiomyopathy using single-nucleus RNA sequencing.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Clinopathological and Prognostic Significance ofBiology · 2025Article
- SPOCK1, as a potential prognostic and therapeutic biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma, is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and immune evasion.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Article
- Screening and identifying of biomarkers in early colorectal cancer and adenoma based on genome-wide methylation profiles.World journal of surgical oncology · 2023Article
- SPOCK1 and POSTN are valuable prognostic biomarkers and correlate with tumor immune infiltrates in colorectal cancer.BMC gastroenterology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundImmune cells and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment play a vital role in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). The study aimed to screen valuable prognostic biomarkers in CRC based on stromal and immune scores.
methodThe ESTIMATE algorithm was used to calculate the immune and stromal scores of CRC samples in TCGA. Then samples were divided into high and low score groups based on the median value of the scores. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with immune and stromal scores were screened. WGCNA and univariate COX regression analysis were performed to further identify key prognostic genes. Analysis of scRNA-seq for CRC was used for verifying the main source of the key genes. The prognostic value of they was validated based on The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis and GSE17536 dataset. TIMER and CIBERSORT algorithms were applied to analyze the correlations among key genes and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Several pairs of colon cancer tissue were used to be proven.
result1314 upregulated and 4 downregulated genes were identified, which were significantly enriched in immune-related biological processes and pathways. Among these DEGs, SPOCK1 and POSTN were identified as key prognostic genes and mainly expressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts for CRC. High expression of SPCOK1 and POSTN was associated with advanced clinical stage, T stage, N stage, and poor prognosis of CRC. The results from CIBERSORT and TIMER revealed that SPOCK1 and POSTN were associated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells, especially macrophages and neutrophils. Meanwhile, in several pairs of human colorectal tissue samples, SPOK1 and POSTN were found to be significantly overexpressed in colorectal tissue compared with para-cancer tissue, and macrophage surface markers CD68 (co-expressed by M1 and M2 macrophages) and CD206 (M2-specific macrophage expression) were also overexpressed in cancer tissue. Besides, SPOCK1 and POSTN expression were positively correlated with the expression of immune checkpoints.
conclusionCollectively, our results indicate that SPOCK1 and POSTN associated with CAF may be novel prognostic biomarkers in CRC and correlate with immune infiltrates.
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