ReviewApoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death2023
Understanding the mechanistic roles of environmental heavy metal stressors in regulating ferroptosis: adding new paradigms to the links with diseases.
Review in Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cumulative and Interactive Effects of Heavy Metal Mixtures Across Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Comparative Review of Alzheimer, Parkinson, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Multiple Sclerosis.Journal of xenobiotics · 2026Review
- Iron, Copper, and Zinc Dyshomeostasis in Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases: Redox Mechanisms, Evidence Levels, and Translational Prospects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Overview of Ferroptosis in Cadmium Toxicity.Biological trace element research · 2026Review
- RNA modifications and cancer ferroptosis.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial dysfunction and the regulatory cell death crosstalk network in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: from oxidative stress mechanisms to targeted therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Neurotoxic mechanisms of cadmium in neurodegenerative diseases.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Expression and role of HSPA5 in environmental toxin-induced neurological disorders.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Death never dies: increasing impact of programmed cell death.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2025Article
- The predictive value of multiple urinary metals in evaluating death risk in asthmatic individuals: a prospective cohort study.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2025Article
- A novel defined manganese metabolism-related gene signature for predicting the prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Oncology letters · 2025Article
- Ferroptosis in Toxicology: Present and Future.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Emerging Links Between Ferroptosis and Neurodegeneration: Implications for Disease Mechanisms and Nutraceutical Interventions.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Association of cobalt exposure with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in U.S. adults.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Trace Elements in Medicinal Metallomics.Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Quercetin Alleviates Perimenopausal Depression Induced by Ovariectomy Combined with Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Through Regulating Serum Elements and Inhibiting Ferroptosis in Prefrontal Cortex of Rats.Biological trace element research · 2024Article
- Gemcitabine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles enhanced apoptotic and ferroptotic response of gemcitabine treatment alone in the pancreatic cancer cells in vitro.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Article
- Forging green Horizons: Revealing Catalysts of pro-environmental behavior in emerging market.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Potential pathogenic roles of ferroptosis and cuproptosis in cadmium-induced or exacerbated cardiovascular complications in individuals with diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Multifunctional Metallothioneins as a Target for Neuroprotection in Parkinson's Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new type of iron-dependent cell death induced by a failure of the lipid repair protein GPX4 or the Xc- antiporter, which is essential for glutathione production. Some heavy metals such as arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg) as well as zinc (Zn) are shown to induce ferroptotic cell death involving the generation of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunctioning, lipid peroxidation, and several other cellular etiologies. However, selenium (Se) treatment has been shown to enhance adaptive transcription responses to protect cells from ferroptosis. Heavy metals like Cadmium exposure activated ALK4/5 signaling via Smad3 and Akt signaling which leads to cell death mechanism. Continuous exposure to a small dose of mercury can damage tissues, and methylmercury bind to sulfhydryl proteins and GSH, this elevates oxidative stress, free radical accumulation, glutathione depletion, mitochondrial damage, and inhibited the nuclear factor-κB pathway which leads to ferroptotic cell death. Animals exposed to nickel and cobalt may have increased lipid peroxidation which can induce ferroptosis. Glutathione depletion is caused by Zn intoxication and exposure to manganese. These metals are systemic toxins that have been shown adverse effects on humans. Ferroptosis has recently been related to several pathological disorders, including, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, as well as cardiovascular disease, and any type of cancer. For these disorders and some heavy metal toxicity, ferroptosis suppression needs to be looked upon as a promising therapeutic choice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.