ReviewThe lancet. HIV2023
We should not stop considering HIV drug resistance testing at failure of first-line antiretroviral therapy.
Review in The lancet. HIV, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Simultaneous Quantification of Bictegravir and Emtricitabine Using a Simple and Economical Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet Method for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Therapeutic drug monitoring · 2026Article
- Design and Evaluation of Next-Generation HIV Genotyping for Detection of Resistance Mutations to 28 Antiretroviral Drugs Across 5 Major Classes Including Lenacapavir.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Do we need routine integrase resistance testing before starting antiretroviral therapy?The lancet. HIV · 2025Review
- HIV drug resistance in children and adolescents on NNRTI-based antiretroviral therapy and subsequent virologic response to dolutegravir-based regimens in Ghana.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Article
- Factors associated with viral load non-suppression among adults with HIV in Sughd region, Tajikistan: a retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Treatment of Advanced HIV in the Modern Era.Drugs · 2025Review
- Autophagy is influenced by vitamin DBiology direct · 2025Article
- Effect of Machine Learning on Risk Stratification for Antiretroviral Treatment Failure in People Living with HIV.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Article
- Portable Nanopore sequencing solution for next-generation HIV drug resistance testing.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2024Article
- Strengthening and enhancing national antiretroviral drug resistance surveillance in Zimbabwe-A country that has reached UNAIDS 95-95-95 amongst adults.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
HIV drug resistance is a major global hurdle to successful and sustained antiretroviral therapy. Global guidelines recommend testing for antiretroviral drug resistance and results are used to inform treatment regimen design for patients at different stages of therapy. Several clinical trials investigated optimal regimens after failure of first-line antiretroviral therapy, yielding data that advanced knowledge and informed care. However, further interpretation of data from these studies questioned the benefit of antiretroviral drug resistance testing for cases in which first-line treatment is not effective and, furthermore, that relying on the results of antiretroviral drug resistance testing could be misleading and unnecessary. In this Viewpoint, which is largely focused on high-income settings, we review these data, reflect on the potential problems with their interpretation, and call for caution in their extrapolation. Without negating the importance of the data, and recognising the varied circumstances related to HIV drug resistance testing in different global settings, we advise caution before changing current practice and recommendations. We believe that we should not universally stop considering HIV drug resistance testing at failure of first-line antiretroviral therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.