Trial reportSurgical endoscopy2023
Telestration with augmented reality improves surgical performance through gaze guidance.
Trial report in Surgical endoscopy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Augmented reality in robotic urology: from 3D printed models to cognitive surgical systems. A systematic literature review.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Augmented Reality in Surgical Training: Systematic Review of Its Impact on Technical Performance in Surgical Trainees.JMIR medical education · 2026Pooled it
- The effectiveness of augmented reality/mixed reality in medical education: a meta-analysis.BMC medical education · 2025Pooled it
- Augmented reality for basic skills training in laparoscopic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Surgical endoscopy · 2025Pooled it
- Cognitive learning versus practical "hands-on" training for acquisition of laparoscopic surgical skills: an optimal combination study.Surgical endoscopy · 2025Trial
- Structured feedback and operative video debriefing with critical view of safety annotation in training of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized controlled study.Surgical endoscopy · 2024Trial
- Telestration with augmented reality improves the performance of the first ten ex vivo porcine laparoscopic cholecystectomies: a randomized controlled study.Surgical endoscopy · 2023Trial
- [Application and utilization of virtual and augmented reality in surgical specialties-an expert Delphi consensus].Urologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Dynamic Augmented Reality Cues for Telementoring in Laparoscopic Surgery: Usability Study.JMIR human factors · 2026Article
- Review
- Telestration with augmented reality in minimally invasive and robotic-assisted surgery: a scoping review.Surgical endoscopy · 2025Article
- Dynamic Augmented Reality Cues for Telementoring in Minimally Invasive Surgeries: Scoping Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Use of Augmented Reality for Training Assistance in Laparoscopic Surgery: Scoping Literature Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Assessing the Impact of Augmented Reality on Surgical Skills Training for Medical Students: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Applying augmented reality in teaching of surgical residents-telementoring, a "stress-free" way to surgical autonomy?Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn minimally invasive surgery (MIS), trainees need to learn how to interpret the operative field displayed on the laparoscopic screen. Experts currently guide trainees mainly verbally during laparoscopic procedures. A newly developed telestration system with augmented reality (iSurgeon) allows the instructor to display hand gestures in real-time on the laparoscopic screen in augmented reality to provide visual expert guidance (telestration). This study analysed the effect of telestration guided instructions on gaze behaviour during MIS training.
methodsIn a randomized-controlled crossover study, 40 MIS naive medical students performed 8 laparoscopic tasks with telestration or with verbal instructions only. Pupil Core eye-tracking glasses were used to capture the instructor's and trainees' gazes. Gaze behaviour measures for tasks 1-7 were gaze latency, gaze convergence and collaborative gaze convergence. Performance measures included the number of errors in tasks 1-7 and trainee's ratings in structured and standardized performance scores in task 8 (ex vivo porcine laparoscopic cholecystectomy).
resultsThere was a significant improvement 1-7 on gaze latency [F(1,39) = 762.5, p < 0.01, η
conclusionsTelestration with augmented reality successfully improved surgical performance. The trainee's gaze behaviour was improved by reducing the time from instruction to fixation on targets and leading to a higher convergence of the instructor's and the trainee's gazes. Also, the convergence of trainee's gaze and target areas increased with telestration. This confirms augmented reality-based telestration works by means of gaze guidance in MIS and could be used to improve training outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.