SynthesisScientific reports2023
Worldwide transmission and infection risk of mosquito vectors of West Nile, St. Louis encephalitis, Usutu and Japanese encephalitis viruses: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mosquito vector competence for Japanese encephalitis virus: a systematic review and meta-analysis update.Parasites & vectors · 2025Pooled it
- A global database of West Nile virus host prevalence and competence.Scientific data · 2026Article
- Meteorological and land-use determinants of Culex pipiens s.l. spatio-temporal dynamics in Northern Italy.Journal of medical entomology · 2026Article
- DNA barcoding and blood meal profiling of Ethiopian mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae): insights into species identification and host preferences.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Extracellular microbes are required for mosquito development even in the presence of Wolbachia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Host-feeding preferences of Culex pipiens and its potential significance for flavivirus transmission in the Camargue, France.Medical and veterinary entomology · 2025Article
- One Health Approach in the Era of Emerging Viruses: The Challenge of Usutu Virus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Lower Bird Evenness and Diversity Are Associated With Higher Usutu Prevalence in Culex pipiens Mosquitoes.Zoonoses and public health · 2025Article
- Comprehensive analysis of West Nile Virus transmission: Environmental, ecological, and individual factors. An umbrella review.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Review
- Two-Year Entomological Survey of Mosquito Fauna in the Attica Region, Greece: Species Composition.Insects · 2025Article
- (Re)Emerging Arboviruses of Public Health Significance in the Brazilian Amazon.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Usutu virus continues to spread across Europe: first report of multiple molecular detections of the USUV Africa 2 and Africa 3 lineages in free-living and captive birds in Poland, July-November 2023.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- [Climate change and vector-borne disease-significance for intensive care and emergency medicine].Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin · 2025Review
- Distribution and frequency of genetic mutations in three insecticide targets in field populations ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Unveiling reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics toward Saint Louis encephalitis virus: a ray of hope for vaccine development.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- A scoping review of evidence of naturally occurring Japanese encephalitis infection in vertebrate animals other than humans, ardeid birds and pigs.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Spatiotemporally Explicit Epidemic Model for West Nile Virus Outbreak in Germany: An Inversely Calibrated Approach.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2024Article
- Review
- Vector competence of SwedishOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Vector competence of Swedish Culex pipiens mosquitoes for Japanese encephalitis virus.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The increasing trend of mosquito-borne pathogens demands more accurate global estimations of infection and transmission risks between mosquitoes. Here, we systematically review field and laboratory studies to assess the natural field infection and experimental laboratory transmission risk in Culex mosquitoes. We studied four worldwide flaviviruses: West Nile, Usutu, Japanese encephalitis, and St. Louis encephalitis, belonging to the Japanese encephalitis Serocomplex (JES). The PRISMA statement was carried out for both approaches. The Transmission-Infection Risk of the diverse mosquito species for the different viruses was estimated through seven variables. We considered 130 and 95 articles for field and experimental approach, respectively. We identified 30 species naturally infected, and 23 species capable to transmit some of the four flaviviruses. For the JES, the highest Transmission-Infection Risk estimate was recorded in Culex quinquefasciatus (North America). The maximum Infection-Transmission Risk values for West Nile was Culex restuans, for Usutu it was Culex pipiens (Europe), for St. Louis encephalitis Culex quinquefasciatus (North America), and for Japanese encephalitis Culex gelidus (Oceania). We conclude that on a worldwide scale, a combination of field and experimental data offers a better way of understanding natural infection and transmission risks between mosquito populations.
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