ArticleJournal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology2023
Alternative sampling specimens for the molecular detection of mpox (formerly monkeypox) virus.
Article in Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of Asymptomatic Monkeypox Virus Prevalence in Nonendemic Regions, 2022-2024.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Mpox and the one health approach.Dialogues in health · 2026Review
- Saliva, urine, and anorectal swabs as viable alternatives to lesion swabs for molecular diagnosis of mpox.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Phylogenetic and Molecular Evolutionary Insights into Monkeypox Virus Circulation in Shenzhen, China, 2023-2024.Viruses · 2025Article
- Evaluating the effectiveness of international travel controls to identify MPXV-infected travelers: a simulation study.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Effectiveness of different border control strategies for reducing mpox importation risk: a modelling study.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2025Article
- Mpox and oral health among children in Africa.Frontiers in oral health · 2025Article
- Evolutionary variation of the monkeypox virus detected for the first time in Nantong, Jiangsu.Virology journal · 2024Article
- CRISPR-based strategies for sample-to-answer monkeypox detection: current status and emerging opportunities.Nanotechnology · 2024Review
- Applying improved ddPCR to reliable quantification of MPXV in clinical settings.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- MPXV DNA kinetics in bloodstream and other body fluids samples.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Sexual Exposures Associated With Mpox Infection: California, November 2022 to June 2023.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- No Evidence for Clade I Monkeypox Virus Circulation, Belgium.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Mpox Virus in the Pharynx of Men Having Sex with Men: A Case Series.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- [Comparative study of different methods of detection of Monkeypox: antigen versus PCR].Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2023Article
- Extraction-free LAMP assays for generic detection of Old World Orthopoxviruses and specific detection of Mpox virus.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Performance of a Novel Real-Time PCR-Based Assay for Rapid Monkeypox Virus Detection in Human Samples.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Oral Infection, Oral Pathology and Salivary Diagnostics of Mpox Disease: Relevance in Dentistry and OMICs Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Simultaneous Multiple-Stages Mpox Genital Lesions on the Same Site in a Traveler to Greece: A Case Report.Vaccines · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMpox (formerly monkeypox) is a viral disease caused by the mpox virus (MPXV), endemic in Central and West Africa and currently causing a global outbreak of international concern. Much remains unknown about sample types most suited for mpox laboratory diagnosis. While it is established that high viral loads can be found in active skin lesions (currently the recommended mpox laboratory confirmation specimen type), WHO mpox testing guidelines encourage the use of oropharyngeal swabs as an additional sample type for mpox diagnosis and suggest investigating the value of other specimens like blood samples.
objectiveIn this study, we verified the value of select alternative specimen types for mpox laboratory confirmation.
methodsWe included 25 patients with MPXV-confirmed skin lesions to compare diagnostic sensitivity of MPXV PCR testing on EDTA plasma and two upper respiratory specimens: oropharyngeal swabs and saliva.
resultsIn our patient cohort with MPXV-confirmed skin lesions, diagnostic sensitivity of MPXV PCR was 80% in EDTA plasma, 64% in oropharyngeal swabs, and 88% in saliva. MPXV viral loads were significantly higher in saliva compared to oropharyngeal swabs and EDTA plasma. DISCUSSION: The WHO recommendation to collect oropharyngeal swabs as an additional specimen for mpox diagnosis might need to be revised to include saliva wherever feasible. We suggest investigating saliva as a diagnostic specimen in the absence of active skin lesions or during the phase preceding skin manifestations. Moreover, the relatively high MPXV DNA content of saliva warrants elucidating its potential role in disease transmission.
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