ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2023
Amphetamines modulate fentanyl-depressed respiration in a bidirectional manner.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of opioids and stimulants on the respiratory system.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- A 4-zone model to determine fentanyl overdose probability.Journal of forensic sciences · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular Conditions and Symptoms in Deaths Attributed to Acute Stimulant Toxicity.Circulation. Population health and outcomes · 2026Article
- Antecedents of Fentanyl Coinvolvement in Deaths Attributed to Stimulant Poisoning in San Francisco, CA.Journal of addiction medicine · 2026Article
- Overdose-Related Cardiac Arrest in the Era of the Opioid Epidemic.Critical care clinics · 2026Review
- Design, Syntheses, and Pharmacological Evaluations of Core Ring Expanded Fentanyl Analogues as Potential Counteracting Agents Against Fentanyl Induced Respiratory Depression.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Slow dissociation kinetics of fentanyls and nitazenes correlates with reduced sensitivity to naloxone reversal at the μ-opioid receptor.British journal of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Comparison of theThe Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2024Article
- Estimating changes in overdose death rates from increasing methamphetamine supply in Ohio: Evidence from crime lab data.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2024Article
- Enantiomeric contributions to methamphetamine's bidirectional effects on basal and fentanyl-depressed respiration in mice.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2024Article
- Fentanyl overdose: Temporal effects and prognostic factors in SKH1 mice.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2024Article
- The influence of transformations in supply on methamphetamine initiation among people injecting opioids in the United States.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Ventilatory Effects of Fentanyl, Heroin, andThe Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2024Article
- Molecular Pharmacology Profiling of Phenylfentanil and Its Analogues to Understand the Putative Involvement of an Adrenergic Mechanism in Fentanyl-Induced Respiratory Depression.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- Theophylline reverses oxycodone's but not fentanyl's respiratory depression in mice while caffeine is ineffective against both opioids.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2023Article
- The motives and methods of methamphetamine and 'heroin' co-use in West Virginia.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- Fentanyl analog structure-activity relationships demonstrate determinants of diverging potencies for antinociception and respiratory depression.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe opioid epidemic remains one of the most pressing public health crises facing the United States. Fentanyl and related synthetic opioid agonists have largely driven the rising rates of associated overdose deaths, in part, because of their surreptitious use as substitutes for other opioids and as adulterants in psychostimulants. Deaths involving opioids typically result from lethal respiratory depression, and it is currently unknown how co-use of psychostimulants with opioids affects respiratory toxicity. Considering psychostimulant overdoses have increased over 3-fold since 2013, and half of those co-involved opioids, this is a cardinal question.
methodsNaloxone, d-amphetamine (AMPH), and (±)-methamphetamine (METH) were evaluated for their effects on basal and fentanyl-depressed respiration. Minute volume (MVb) was measured in awake, freely moving mice via whole-body plethysmography to quantify fentanyl-induced respiratory depression and its modulation by dose ranges of each test drug.
resultsNaloxone immediately reversed respiratory depression induced by fentanyl only at the highest dose tested (10 mg/kg). Both AMPH and METH exhibited bidirectional effects on MVb under basal conditions, producing significant (p ≤ 0.05) depressions then elevations of respiration as dose increased. Under depressed conditions the bidirectional effects of AMPH and METH on respiration were exaggerated, exacerbating and then reversing fentanyl-induced depression as dose increased.
conclusionsThese results indicate that co-use of amphetamines with fentanyl may worsen respiratory depression, but conversely, monoaminergic components of the amphetamines may possibly be exploited to mitigate fentanyl overdose.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.