ReviewJMIR serious games2023
Mixed Reality in Modern Surgical and Interventional Practice: Narrative Review of the Literature.
Review in JMIR serious games, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Impact of extended reality on robot-assisted surgery training: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of robotic surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Mixed Reality in the Operating Room: A Systematic Review.Journal of medical systems · 2024Pooled it
- First-in-human trial using mixed-reality visualization for patient setup during breast or chest wall radiotherapy.Radiation oncology (London, England) · 2024Trial
- Application of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing and mixed reality technologies in a novel mandibular reconstruction plate system.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2026Article
- Mixed reality assisted target localization for transcranial magnetic stimulation navigation: a feasibility study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- HoloVAD; A feasibility study of a new patient education tool for patients with a left ventricular assist device.PEC innovation · 2026Article
- Benefit of mixed reality assistance on CT-based ear anatomy spatial recognition: a preliminary study.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Integration of high-resolution mixed reality models into resident training.Journal of vascular surgery cases and innovative techniques · 2026Article
- Augmented and virtual reality in surgical practice: a review of applications in visualization, training, and future directions.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Review
- Comprehensive protocol for mixed reality visualization and navigation using 3D Slicer.PloS one · 2026Article
- The future of lung cancer surgery lies between innovations: synergy across the perioperative ERATS pathway.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- The digital evolution of surgical planning: a systematic review of immersive and interactive technologies.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Review
- Exploring the Application of HoloLens Mixed Reality Combined with Eye Tracking and Visual Perception Technologies in Pediatric Orthopedic 3D Education.Journal of medical systems · 2025Review
- Intraoperative use of mixed reality (MR) in humans across surgical disciplines: a major review.3D printing in medicine · 2025Article
- Deskeletonizing the Sigmoid Sinus Is Noncompulsory in Skull Base Surgery: 3D Modeling of the Translabyrinthine Approach.Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base · 2025Article
- Usefulness of Mixed Reality in Surgical Treatment: Delphi Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- XR (extended reality: virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality) technology applications in orthopedic field.Medicine · 2025Article
- Extended reality for mapping perforator-based flaps in breast reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.JPRAS open · 2025Review
- An attempt to evaluate the use of mixed reality in surgically treated pediatric oncology patients.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Technological Advancements in Augmented, Mixed, and Virtual Reality Technologies for Surgery: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMixed reality (MR) and its potential applications have gained increasing interest within the medical community over the recent years. The ability to integrate virtual objects into a real-world environment within a single video-see-through display is a topic that sparks imagination. Given these characteristics, MR could facilitate preoperative and preinterventional planning, provide intraoperative and intrainterventional guidance, and aid in education and training, thereby improving the skills and merits of surgeons and residents alike.
objectiveIn this narrative review, we provide a broad overview of the different applications of MR within the entire spectrum of surgical and interventional practice and elucidate on potential future directions.
methodsA targeted literature search within the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases was performed regarding the application of MR within surgical and interventional practice. Studies were included if they met the criteria for technological readiness level 5, and as such, had to be validated in a relevant environment.
resultsA total of 57 studies were included and divided into studies regarding preoperative and interventional planning, intraoperative and interventional guidance, as well as training and education.
conclusionsThe overall experience with MR is positive. The main benefits of MR seem to be related to improved efficiency. Limitations primarily seem to be related to constraints associated with head-mounted display. Future directions should be aimed at improving head-mounted display technology as well as incorporation of MR within surgical microscopes, robots, and design of trials to prove superiority.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.