ArticleChinese journal of integrative medicine2023
Grape Seed Extract Attenuates Demyelination in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mice by Inhibiting Inflammatory Response of Immune Cells.
Article in Chinese journal of integrative medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Translational medicine research on the role of key gene network modulation mediated by procyanidin B2 in the precise diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Grape seed proanthocyanidins improve lymphatic drainage and blood perfusion in secondary lymphedema models.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Antioxidant Therapies in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Macrophage polarization: an important role in inflammatory diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the anti-inflammatory effect of grape seed extract (GSE) in animal and cellular models and explore its mechanism of action.
methodsThis study determined the inhibitory effect of GSE on macrophage inflammation and Th1 and Th17 polarization in vitro. Based on the in vitro results, the effects and mechanisms of GSE on multiple sclerosis (MS)-experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice model were further explored. The C57BL/6 mice were intragastrically administered with 50 mg/kg of GSE once a day from the 3rd day to the 27th day after immunization. The activation of microglia, the polarization of Th1 and Th17 and the inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α), interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β), IL-6, IL-12, IL-17 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secreted by them were detected in vitro and in vivo by flow cytometry, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence staining and Western blot, respectively.
resultsGSE reduced the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1 β and IL-6 in bone marrow-derived macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (P<0.01), inhibited the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17 and IFN-γ in spleen cells of EAE mice immunized for 9 days (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and reduced the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 mediated by CD3 and CD28 factors (P<0.01). GSE significantly improved the clinical symptoms of EAE mice, and inhibited spinal cord demyelination and inflammatory cell infiltration. Peripherally, GSE downregulated the expression of toll-like-receptor 4 (TLR4) and Rho-associated kinase (ROCKII, P<0.05 or P<0.01), and inhibited the secretion of inflammatory factors (P<0.01 or P<0.05). In the central nervous system, GSE inhibited the infiltration of CD45
conclusionGSE had a beneficial effect on the pathogenesis and progression of EAE by inhibiting inflammatory response as a potential drug and strategy for the treatment of MS.
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