Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36606725›Full record

ArticleEmerging microbes & infections2023

The nasopharyngeal microbiome in COVID-19.

Sergio Candel, Sylwia D Tyrkalska, Carmen Álvarez-Santacruz, Victoriano Mulero

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Emerging microbes & infections, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
6.0field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Microbiome and Long COVID-19: Current Evidence and Insights.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Observational
  9. Article
  10. Clinical relevance of lung microbiota composition in critically ill children with acute lower respiratory tract infections: insights from a retrospective analysis of metagenomic sequencing.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. The Microbiota in Long COVID.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Sergio CandelDepartamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-7919-6584
Sylwia D TyrkalskaDepartamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-6654-0163
Carmen Álvarez-SantacruzServicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital de la Vega Lorenzo Guirao, Cieza, Murcia, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-2022-4864
Victoriano MuleroDepartamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-9527-0211
Instituto de Salud Carlos III · ESHospital de Hellín · ES

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The development of novel culture-independent techniques of microbial identification has allowed a rapid progress in the knowledge of the nasopharyngeal microbiota and its role in health and disease. Thus, it has been demonstrated that the nasopharyngeal microbiota defends the host from invading pathogens that enter the body through the upper airways by participating in the modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. The current COVID-19 pandemic has created an urgent need for fast-track research, especially to identify and characterize biomarkers to predict the disease severity and outcome. Since the nasopharyngeal microbiota diversity and composition could potentially be used as a prognosis biomarker for COVID-19 patients, which would pave the way for strategies aiming to reduce the disease severity by modifying such microbiota, dozens of research articles have already explored the possible associations between changes in the nasopharyngeal microbiota and the severity or outcome of COVID-19 patients. Unfortunately, results are controversial, as many studies with apparently similar experimental designs have reported contradictory data. Herein we put together, compare, and discuss all the relevant results on this issue reported to date. Even more interesting, we discuss in detail which are the limitations of these studies, that probably are the main sources of the high variability observed. Therefore, this work is useful not only for people interested in current knowledge about the relationship between the nasopharyngeal microbiota and COVID-19, but also for researchers who want to go further in this field while avoiding the limitations and variability of previous works.

Indexed as

COVID-19MicrobiotaHumansNasopharynxNosePandemics16S rRNA gene sequencingCOVID-19metagenomic sequencingnasopharyngeal microbiotaSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID36606725
PMCPMC9869994
OpenAlexW4313641246

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.