ArticleScientific reports2023
Fundamental limits to depth imaging with single-photon detector array sensors.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Neuromorphic Optical Tracking and Imaging of Randomly Moving Targets Through Dynamic Dense Scattering Media.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Performance Bounds of Ranging Precision in SPAD-Based dToF LiDAR.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Noise-tolerant LiDAR approaching the standard quantum-limited precision.Light, science & applications · 2025Article
- An Analysis of Temperature-Dependent Timing Jitter Factors in the Structural Design of Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Single-Photon Avalanche Detectors.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Path Tracing-Inspired Modeling of Non-Line-of-Sight SPAD Data.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Underwater Single-Photon 3D Reconstruction Algorithm Based on K-Nearest Neighbor.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A Simulation Method for Underwater SPAD Depth Imaging Datasets.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Asymmetric imaging through engineered Janus particle obscurants using a Monte Carlo approach for highly asymmetric scattering media.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Visualising varnish removal for conservation of paintings by fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM).Heritage science · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Single-Photon Avalanche Detector (SPAD) arrays are a rapidly emerging technology. These multi-pixel sensors have single-photon sensitivities and pico-second temporal resolutions thus they can rapidly generate depth images with millimeter precision. Such sensors are a key enabling technology for future autonomous systems as they provide guidance and situational awareness. However, to fully exploit the capabilities of SPAD array sensors, it is crucial to establish the quality of depth images they are able to generate in a wide range of scenarios. Given a particular optical system and a finite image acquisition time, what is the best-case depth resolution and what are realistic images generated by SPAD arrays? In this work, we establish a robust yet simple numerical procedure that rapidly establishes the fundamental limits to depth imaging with SPAD arrays under real world conditions. Our approach accurately generates realistic depth images in a wide range of scenarios, allowing the performance of an optical depth imaging system to be established without the need for costly and laborious field testing. This procedure has applications in object detection and tracking for autonomous systems and could be easily extended to systems for underwater imaging or for imaging around corners.
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