ArticleJournal of infection and public health2023
Effectiveness of influenza vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in Qatar.
Article in Journal of infection and public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaccination against influenza viruses reduces infection, not hospitalization or death, from respiratory COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of medical virology · 2024Pooled it
- Association between influenza vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection and its outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis.Chinese medical journal · 2022Pooled it
- Recent perspectives on macrophage memory: types, mechanisms, and characteristics in pulmonary diseases.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Article
- Evaluation of Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity Induced by Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in Pre-COVID-19 Japan.Viruses · 2025Article
- Progress in combination vaccines and the co-administration of influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Consensus based recommendations for the management of post-COVID long-term sequelae (Long COVID): a regional perspective.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Pulmonary lymphoid tissue induced after SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The underlying mechanism behind the different outcomes of COVID-19 in children and adults.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Relative effectiveness of a heterologous booster dose with adenovirus type 5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine versus three doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in adults during a nationwide outbreak of omicron predominance, in China: a retrospective, individually matched cohort-control study.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Influenza Vaccination Mediates SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Peptide-Induced Inflammatory Response via Modification of Histone Acetylation.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Review
- Characterising the changes in RSV epidemiology in Beijing, China during 2015-2023: results from a prospective, multi-centre, hospital-based surveillance and serology study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2024Article
- Article
- Differential patterns of antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid epitopes detected in sera from patients in the acute phase of COVID-19, convalescents, and pre-pandemic individuals.Pathogens and disease · 2024Article
- Influenza vaccination as a prognostic factor of humoral IgA responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection.Central-European journal of immunology · 2024Article
- Mortality, hospitalizations, and persistence of symptoms in the outpatient setting of the first COVID-19 wave in Brazil: results of SARS-Brazil cohort study.Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2024Observational
- Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among healthcare workers in Dutch hospitals after the 2020 first wave: a multicentre cross-sectional study with prospective follow-up.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2023Article
- A SARS-CoV-2 and influenza double hit vaccine based on RBD-conjugated inactivated influenza A virus.Science advances · 2023Article
- The role of trained immunity in COVID-19: Lessons for the next pandemic.Cell host & microbe · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSome studies have reported that influenza vaccination is associated with lower risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and/or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) morbidity and mortality. This study aims to estimate effectiveness of influenza vaccination, using Abbott's quadrivalent Influvac Tetra vaccine, against SARS-CoV-2 infection and against severe COVID-19.
methodsThis matched, test-negative, case-control study was implemented on a population of 30,774 healthcare workers (HCWs) in Qatar during the 2020 annual influenza vaccination campaign, September 17, 2020-December 31, 2020, before introduction of COVID-19 vaccination.
resultsOf 30,774 HCWs, 576 with PCR-positive tests and 10,033 with exclusively PCR-negative tests were eligible for inclusion in the study. Matching by sex, age, nationality, reason for PCR testing, and PCR test date yielded 518 cases matched to 2058 controls. Median duration between influenza vaccination and the PCR test was 43 days (IQR, 29-62). Estimated effectiveness of influenza vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection> 14 days after receiving the vaccine was 29.7% (95% CI: 5.5-47.7%). Estimated effectiveness of influenza vaccination against severe, critical, or fatal COVID-19 was 88.9% (95% CI: 4.1-98.7%). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the main analysis results.
conclusionsRecent influenza vaccination is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.