ReviewDrug and alcohol dependence2023
A review of factors associated with methadone maintenance treatment adherence and retention in Vietnam.
Review in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The impact of relaxing restrictions on take-home doses during the COVID-19 pandemic on program effectiveness and client experiences in opioid agonist treatment: a mixed methods systematic review.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2023Pooled it
- Non-adherence to treatment and concurrent opioid use among people on methadone maintenance treatment using methamphetamine in Vietnam.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Trial
- Perspectives on addiction-related problems in Vietnam.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Review
- Benefits of a sustained community-based psychiatric intervention on viral exposure among people who inject drugs: The ANRS Drive-Mind 2 cohort study in Hai Phong, Vietnam.PLOS mental health · 2026Article
- Patient preferences for incentives in Contingency Management interventions in methadone treatment: A best-worst scale analysis.PloS one · 2026Article
- Operationalizing Contingency Management to Improve Adherence and Retention in Methadone Treatment: A Scoping Review.Substance use & misuse · 2026Article
- "We Need Gentleness": Isolation, Loneliness, and Implications for Psychosocial Counseling Among People with HIV who are on Methadone Maintenance Treatment and Experience Common Mental Disorders in Vietnam.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- An analysis of factors influencing dropout in methadone maintenance treatment program in Dehong Prefecture of China based on Cox regression and decision tree modelling.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- The effectiveness of a transtheoretical model based on health education intervention on adherence to methadone maintenance treatment: a quasi-experimental study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The hidden costs of 'free' treatment: A cross-sectional study of patient-incurred costs for daily methadone maintenance treatment in Nairobi, Kenya.PLOS mental health · 2025Article
- Outcome in methadone maintenance treatment of immigrants from the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Methadone Maintenance Treatment-Related Stigma and Adherence Self-Efficacy in Vietnam.Substance use : research and treatmentArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStarting in 2008, Vietnam's national MMT program expanded quickly, but it is struggling with increasing attrition rates and poor adherence among patients. Several studies have reported on MMT retention and adherence, but no overview has yet been published. The objective of this study is to fill that gap and to review factors associated with retention and adherence in MMT in Vietnam.
methodsA systematic search was conducted using databases of literature - Pubmed, Cochrane, Scopus, Academic search premiere, and SoINDEX. Peer-reviewed empirical studies with full text in English discussing retention attrition and adherence regarding MMT in Vietnam were selected. The results were synthesized using qualitative methods.
resultsAdherence and retention rates varied among the 11 included studies. In general, patients in mountainous provinces had lower adherence and retention rates than those in big cities. Retention rates decreased with the studies' follow-up period and had a downward trend over time. Factors associated with adherence and retention can be classified into three groups: individual, community, and institutional factors. Important individual factors areage, education, awareness of MMT and HIV, and co-occurring disorders and comorbidities. Stigma is the major community risk factor, and methadone daily dose, the distance between home and clinic, and clinic's service hours are the three most important institutional factors.
conclusionsThe literature reviewed identifies important factors associated with MMT adherence and retention in Vietnam. The findings suggest further research exploring both subjective and objective factors and more policies to remove social and structural barriers to enhance treatment outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.