ArticleResearch in developmental disabilities2023
Cognitive flexibility assessment in youth with Down syndrome: Reliability, practice effects, and validity.
Article in Research in developmental disabilities, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tablet Assessment of Cognition in Down Syndrome: Comparison of Researcher and Caregiver Administration.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2026Article
- How much habituation is enough? An R application for ad hoc content-related limits of acceptance in behavioral research.Behavior research methods · 2026Article
- Adults with Down syndrome display altered entrainment of occipital cortical neurons.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Relationship between anxiety and executive functioning among youth with Down syndrome.Research in developmental disabilities · 2025Article
- Pupil responses to social stimuli are associated with adaptive behaviors across the first 24 months of life.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2025Article
- Adults with down syndrome exhibit altered somatosensory cortical inhibition.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2025Article
- Laboratory-based measures of executive function and daily living skills in young children with Down syndrome: informing future interventions.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2024Article
- Physical Activity and Cognitive Impairment in a Group of Adults with Down Syndrome from North-Eastern Romania.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- The Potential of ChatGPT in Assisting Children with Down Syndrome.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2023Article
- Psychometric evaluation of a working memory assessment measure in young children with Down syndrome.Research in developmental disabilities · 2023Article
- Evaluating an adapted reverse categorisation task to assess cognitive flexibility in young children with Down syndrome.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCognitive flexibility refers to the ability to switch between different mental sets, tasks, or strategies and is challenging for some individuals with Down syndrome (DS). The lack of reliable and valid cognitive flexibility measures for individuals with DS is a major barrier to clinical trials and intervention studies designed to address cognitive challenges specific to DS. To avoid measurement limitations that could confound interpretations of performance in clinical trials in children with DS, it is critical to use phenotype-sensitive and psychometrically sound measures of cognitive flexibility.
aimThis study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of three measures of cognitive flexibility including Rule-Shift, Weigl Sorting, and KiTAP Flexibility in a sample of 97 youth with DS aged 6-17 years old.
methodData were collected at two time points with a two-week interval. Parents also completed adaptive behavior and cognitive flexibility questionnaires. Child cognitive and language abilities were also assessed.
resultsThe Weigl Sorting met the most psychometric criteria, with adequate feasibility (≥ 80 %) and significant correlations with most of the broader developmental domains; however, the levels of test-retest reliability, practice effects, and convergent validity did not meet a priori criteria. Rule-Shift and KiTAP Flexibility measures did not have acceptable feasibility; although sensitivity and specificity analyses revealed that Rule-Shift may be appropriate for a subgroup of the participants.
conclusionNo evaluated measures met all psychometric study criteria and, therefore, additional evaluation of cognitive flexibility measures is needed for use among individuals with DS.
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