Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36602986›Full record

ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2023

Precision mapping of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis among school age children at the coastal region, Kenya.

Stella Kepha, Duncan Ochol, Florence Wakesho, Wyckliff Omondi, Sammy M Njenga, Kariuki Njaanake, Jimmy Kihara, Stephen Mwatha, Chrisistosom Kanyi, Joseph Otieno Oloo and 6 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
7.0field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
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  9. Harnessing crayfish,Helminthologia · 2025
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  14. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Stella KephaMinistry of Health, Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Nairobi, Kenya.ORCID 0000-0003-4035-6485
Duncan OcholCrown Agents, Great Britain.
Florence WakeshoMinistry of Health, Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Nairobi, Kenya.
Wyckliff OmondiMinistry of Health, Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Nairobi, Kenya.
Sammy M NjengaKenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Kariuki NjaanakeUniversity of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Jimmy KiharaKenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Stephen MwathaMinistry of Health, Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Nairobi, Kenya.
Chrisistosom KanyiMinistry of Health, Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Nairobi, Kenya.
Joseph Otieno OlooMinistry of Health, Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Nairobi, Kenya.
Paul KibatiMinistry of Health, Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Nairobi, Kenya.
Elodie YardOriole Global Health, Milton-Under-Wychwood, Great Britain.
Laura J ApplebyOriole Global Health, Milton-Under-Wychwood, Great Britain.
Kevin McRae-McKeeOriole Global Health, Milton-Under-Wychwood, Great Britain.
Maurice R OdiereKenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
Sultani Hadley MatendecheroMinistry of Health, Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Nairobi, Kenya.
Ministry of Health · KEKenya Medical Research Institute · KEUniversity of Nairobi · KE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAccurate mapping of schistosomiasis (SCH) and soil transmitted helminths (STH) is a prerequisite for effective implementation of the control and elimination interventions. A precision mapping protocol was developed and implemented in the coastal region of Kenya by applying the current World Health Organization (WHO) mapping guide at a much lower administrative level (ward).

methodsA two-stage cluster survey design was undertaken, with 5 villages in each ward selected. From within each village 50 households were randomly selected, and a single child between the ages of 8 and 14 sampled following appropriate assent. The prevalence and intensity of infection of Schistosoma mansoni and STH were determined using the Kato-Katz method (single stool, duplicate slides) and urine filtration for S. haematobium.

resultsOf the 27,850 school age children sampled, 6.9% were infected with at least one Schistosoma species, with S. haematobium being the most common 6.1% (95% CI: 3.1-11.9), and Tana River County having highest prevalence 19.6% (95% CI: 11.6-31.3). Prevalence of any STH infection was 5.8% (95% CI: 3.7-8.9), with Lamu County having the highest prevalence at 11.9% (95% CI: 10.0-14.1). The most prevalent STH species in the region was Trichuris trichiura at 3.1% (95% CI: 2.0-4.8). According to the WHO threshold for MDA implementation, 31 wards (in 15 sub-Counties) had a prevalence of ≥10% for SCH and thus qualify for annual MDA of all age groups from 2 years old. On the other hand, using the stricter Kenya BTS MDA threshold of ≥2%, 72 wards (in 17 sub-Counties) qualified for MDA and were targeted for treatment in 2021.

conclusionsThe precision mapping at the ward level demonstrated the variations of schistosomiasis prevalence and endemicity by ward even within the same sub-counties. The data collected will be utilized by the Kenyan Ministry of Health to improve targeting.

Indexed as

HelminthiasisHelminthsSchistosomiasisAdolescentAnimalsChildChild, PreschoolFecesHumansKenyaPrevalenceSchistosoma mansoniSoilSoil

Identifiers

PMID36602986
PMCPMC9847902
OpenAlexW4313544724

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.