ReviewPLoS pathogens2023
Race and ethnicity: Risk factors for fungal infections?
Review in PLoS pathogens, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Candidemia Following Severe COVID-19 in Hospitalised and Critical Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Mycoses · 2024Pooled it
- No Survival Benefit Associated With Antifungal Therapy for RespiratoryOpen forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Exhausted T cell phenotypes in disseminated coccidioidomycosis.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Epidemiology of Aspergillosis Diagnoses in US Adults Using a National EHR Database, 2013-2023.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Isolated knee septic arthritis revealing disseminated coccidioidomycosis without apparent pulmonary involvementMedical mycology case reports · 2026Article
- Exhausted T cell phenotypes in disseminated coccidioidomycosis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Risk Factors Associated With Major Skin Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study From Bangladesh.Global health, epidemiology and genomics · 2026Article
- Article
- Single-cell analysis of human airway epithelium identifies cell-type-specific responses tomBio · 2025Article
- Changing Climate, ChangingJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Hydrophobic Interactions of Modified Coconut Oil and Pluronic 127 Enable Stable Formation of Bioactive Hydrogel for Onychomycosis.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Sputum microbiology data and related clinical outcomes among adult Aboriginal Australians with bronchiectasis.Internal medicine journal · 2025Article
- Broad-range polymerase chain reaction and sequencing for the diagnosis of infectious diseases.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Dematiaceous Molds.Infectious disease clinics of North America · 2025Review
- Environmental fungi from cool and warm neighborhoods in the heat island of Baltimore City show differences in thermal susceptibility and pigmentation.ISME communications · 2025Article
- Vaginal Microbiome: Environmental, Biological, and Racial Influences on Gynecological Health Across the Lifespan.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2024Review
- Clinical Characteristics and Mortality Risks Among Patients With Culture-Proven Coccidioidomycosis Who Are Critically Ill: A Multicenter Study in an Endemic Region.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Malassezia restricta as an unexpected cause of infectious osteomyelitis diagnosed by metagenomic sequencing: a case report and literature review.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Racial and ethnic identities, largely understood as social rather than biologic constructs, may impact risk for acquiring infectious diseases, including fungal infections. Risk factors may include genetic and immunologic differences such as aberrations in host immune response, host polymorphisms, and epigenomic factors stemming from environmental exposures and underlying social determinants of health. In addition, certain racial and ethnic groups may be predisposed to diseases that increase risk for fungal infections, as well as disparities in healthcare access and health insurance. In this review, we analyzed racial and ethnic identities as risk factors for acquiring fungal infections, as well as race and ethnicity as they relate to risk for severe disease from fungal infections. Risk factors for invasive mold infections such as aspergillosis largely appear related to environmental differences and underlying social determinants of health, although immunologic aberrations and genetic polymorphisms may contribute in some circumstances. Although black and African American individuals appear to be at high risk for superficial and invasive Candida infections and cryptococcosis, the reasons for this are unclear and may be related to underling social determinants of health, disparities in access to healthcare, and other socioeconomic disparities. Risk factors for all the endemic fungi are likely largely related to underlying social determinants of health, socioeconomic, and health disparities, although immunologic mechanisms likely play a role as well, particularly in disseminated coccidioidomycosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.