Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36601811›Full record

ArticlePsychological medicine2023

Recreational cannabis legalization has had limited effects on a wide range of adult psychiatric and psychosocial outcomes.

Stephanie M Zellers, J Megan Ross, Gretchen R B Saunders, Jarrod M Ellingson, Tasha Walvig, Jacob E Anderson, Robin P Corley, William Iacono, John K Hewitt, Christian J Hopfer and 2 more

Abstract readTwin Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Psychological medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Evidence Base on Outpatient Behavioral Treatments for Adolescent Substance Use, Update 2018-2023: Current Status, Best Practices, and Opportunities for Advancing the Science.Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology : the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53
    Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Stephanie M ZellersDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8927-3483
J Megan RossDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Gretchen R B SaundersDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Jarrod M EllingsonDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Tasha WalvigDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Jacob E AndersonDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Robin P CorleyInstitute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
William IaconoDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
John K HewittInstitute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Christian J HopferDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Matt K McGueDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Scott VriezeDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

Funding

Twin StudyP60DA011015 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI HEWITT, JOHN K. · 1997 to 2013
$22.5M
The Effects of Cannabis Legalization and Persistent Use: A Longitudinal Study of Two Twin CohortsR01DA042755 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI Jarrod Martin Ellingson, SOO H RHEE · 2017 to 2026
$9.9M
TWIN STUDY OF FEMALE ALCOHOLISMS AND OTHER DISORDERSR01AA009367 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI MCGUE, MATTHEW K. · 1992 to 2013
$9.0M
GENETICS OF ADOLESCENT ANTISOCIAL DRUG DEPENDENCER01DA012845 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI HEWITT, JOHN K. · 2000 to 2012
$7.1M
A Longitudinal Study of Adopted Youth and Their FamiliesR01MH066140 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI MCGUE, MATTHEW K. · 2003 to 2013
$5.8M
TWIN/FAMILY STUDY OF VULNERABILITY TO SUBSTANCE ABUSER01DA005147 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI IACONO, WILLIAM G · 1987 to 2007
$5.5M
Adolescent drinking and midlife outcomes: A prospective cotwin control studyR37AA009367 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI MCGUE, MATTHEW K. · 2016 to 2024
$5.4M
TWIN STUDY OF ADHD, CD, AND SUBSTANCE ABUSER01DA013240 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI IACONO, WILLIAM G. · 2000 to 2010
$5.0M
Genetics and Progression of Early-onset Substance Dependence and HIV RiskR01DA035804 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI HOPFER, CHRISTIAN J, STALLINGS, MICHAEL CRAIG · 2014 to 2018
$4.9M
Adult consequences of youth substance use: Twin study enriched for SUD riskR01DA036216 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI IACONO, WILLIAM G. · 2013 to 2017
$3.2M
A Twin Study of Adolescent Alcohol and Drug Use Development: Leveraging Intensive Longitudinal AssessmentsU01DA046413 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI FRIEDMAN, NAOMI P., VRIEZE, SCOTT IAN · 2018 to 2022
$2.7M
Genetic Association Meta-Analyses of Smoking and Drinking for the Sequencing AgeR01DA037904 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI VRIEZE, SCOTT IAN · 2015 to 2019
$2.4M
NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA009367NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA023974NIAAA NIH HHS R37 AA009367NIDA NIH HHS DA038065NIDA NIH HHS K23 DA054212NIDA NIH HHS K24 DA032555NIDA NIH HHS L30 DA054523NIDA NIH HHS P60 DA011015NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA005147NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA012845NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA013240NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA035804NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA036216NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA037904NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA038065NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA042755NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA050560NIDA NIH HHS U01 DA046413NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH066140
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe causal impacts of recreational cannabis legalization are not well understood due to the number of potential confounds. We sought to quantify possible causal effects of recreational cannabis legalization on substance use, substance use disorder, and psychosocial functioning, and whether vulnerable individuals are more susceptible to the effects of cannabis legalization than others.

methodsWe used a longitudinal, co-twin control design in 4043 twins (

resultsIn the co-twin control design accounting for earlier cannabis frequency and alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms respectively, the twin living in a recreational state used cannabis on average more often (

conclusionsRecreational legalization was associated with increased cannabis use and decreased AUD symptoms but was not associated with other maladaptations. These effects were maintained within twin pairs discordant for residence. Moreover, vulnerabilities to cannabis use were not exacerbated by the legal cannabis environment. Future research may investigate causal links between cannabis consumption and outcomes.

Indexed as

CannabisMarijuana UseAdolescentAdultAlcoholismFemaleHumansLegislation, DrugLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedPsychosocial FunctioningYoung AdultCo-twin controldiscordant twindrug abuselongitudinalpsychopathologysubstance use disorder

Identifiers

PMID36601811
PMCPMC10319916

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.