Tuberculous pleural effusion prediction using ant colony optimizer with grade-based search assisted support vector machine.

Introduction: Although tuberculous pleural effusion (TBPE) is simply an inflammatory response of the pleura caused by tuberculosis infection, it can lead to pleural adhesions and cause sequelae of pleural thickening, which may severely affect the mobility of the chest cavity. Methods: In this study, we propose bGACO-SVM, a model with good diagnostic power, for the adjunctive diagnosis of TBPE. The model is based on an enhanced continuous ant colony optimization (ACOR) with grade-based search technique (GACO) and support vector machine (SVM) for wrapped feature selection. In GACO, grade-based search greatly improves the convergence performance of the algorithm and the ability to avoid getting trapped in local optimization, which improves the classification capability of bGACO-SVM. Results: To test the performance of GACO, this work conducts comparative experiments between GACO and nine basic algorithms and nine state-of-the-art variants as well. Although the proposed GACO does not offer much advantage in terms of time complexity, the experimental results strongly demonstrate the core advantages of GACO. The accuracy of bGACO-predictive SVM was evaluated using existing datasets from the UCI and TBPE datasets. Discussion: In the TBPE dataset trial, 147 TBPE patients were evaluated using the created bGACO-SVM model, showing that the bGACO-SVM method is an effective technique for accurately predicting TBPE.