ReviewJOR spine2022
Controversies in spine research: Organ culture versus in vivo models for studies of the intervertebral disc.
Review in JOR spine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Mapping the degenerating intervertebral disc: a systematic review of histological evidence.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Large Language Models in Preclinical Spine Research: A Scoping Review and Expert Perspective on Evidence-Aware Experimental Workflows.JOR spine · 2026Article
- Organ-on-a-Chip Technology: Advances in Modeling Inflammation, Neurovascularization and Nociception in Human Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.Smart medicine · 2026Review
- Epigenetic research methods and animal models for intervertebral disc degeneration (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Preconditioning Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Enhance Performance in the Degenerate Nucleus Pulposus.Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews · 2026Review
- Article
- Influence of the Intervertebral Disc Microenvironment on Matrix Synthesis and Metabolism in Goat Nucleus Pulposus Cells.JOR spine · 2026Article
- Intervertebral disc puncture predisposes the disc to Cutibacterium acnes infection via hematogenous and contiguous routes: a rat model study.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
- Glucose concentration modulates bovine intervertebral disc response under physiological loading.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic and Functional Comparison of Cells Isolated From Healthy and Degenerated Ovine Intervertebral Discs.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- The Biomechanical Landscape of Lumbar Disc Herniation: Mechanobiological Insights Into Injury and Regeneration.Neurospine · 2026Review
- Ovine models of intervertebral disc degeneration.Annals of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Understanding the Physiological Behavior of Disc Cells in an In Vitro Imitation of the Healthy and Degenerated Disc Niche.JOR spine · 2025Article
- Segmental range of motion of vertebral body tethering: an in-vitro analysis of single-tether, double-tether, and hybrid constructs.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Article
- SiACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Article
- Do we know more about the mechanobiology of the intervertebral disc in space than on Earth?JOR spine · 2025Article
- Engineering extracellular matrix-based hydrogels for intervertebral disc regeneration.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- An Open-Source 3D-Printed Recording Stage with Customizable Chambers for Ex Vivo Experiments.eNeuro · 2024Article
- Repetitive strikes loading organ culture model to investigate the biological and biomechanical responses of the intervertebral disc.JOR spine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is a common cause of low back pain, the leading cause of disability worldwide. Appropriate preclinical models for intervertebral disc research are essential to achieving a better understanding of underlying pathophysiology and for the development, evaluation, and translation of more effective treatments. To this end, in vivo animal and ex vivo organ culture models are both widely used by spine researchers; however, the relative strengths and weaknesses of these two approaches are a source of ongoing controversy. In this article, members from the Spine and Preclinical Models Sections of the Orthopedic Research Society, including experts in both basic and translational spine research, present contrasting arguments in support of in vivo animal models versus ex vivo organ culture models for studies of the disc, supported by a comprehensive review of the relevant literature. The objective is to provide a deeper understanding of the respective advantages and limitations of these approaches, and advance the field toward a consensus with respect to appropriate model selection and implementation. We conclude that complementary use of several model types and leveraging the unique advantages of each is likely to result in the highest impact research in most instances.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.