Trial reportFrontiers in immunology2022
Early calcineurin-inhibitor to belatacept conversion in steroid-free kidney transplant recipients.
Trial report in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cytomegalovirus and BK polyomavirus in belatacept-treated kidney transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC nephrology · 2026Pooled it
- Similar Efficacy in Belatacept-Converted Kidney Transplant Recipients With Steroid-Avoiding Regimen.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- Belatacept in Kidney Transplantation: Reflecting on the Past, Shaping the Future.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2025Review
- Belatacept and regulatory T cells in transplantation: synergistic strategies for immune tolerance and graft survival.Clinical transplantation and research · 2024Review
- Evaluation of Torque Teno Virus DNA Load as a Predictive Biomarker in Kidney Transplant Recipients Converted from Calcineurin Inhibitors to Belatacept.Kidney international reports · 2024Article
- Costimulatory Blockade and Solid Organ Transplantation: The Past, Present, and Future.Kidney international reports · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Belatacept (Bela) was developed to reduce nephrotoxicity and cardiovascular risk that are associated with the chronic use of Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) in kidney transplant recipients. The use of Bela with early steroid withdrawal (ESW) and simultaneous CNI avoidance has not been formally evaluated. Methods: At 3 months post-transplant, stable kidney transplant recipients with ESW on Tacrolimus (Tac) + mycophenolate (MPA) were randomized 1:1:1 to: 1) Bela+MPA, 2) Bela+low-dose Tac (trough goal <5 ng/mL), or 3) continue Tac+MPA. All patients underwent surveillance graft biopsies at enrollment and then at 12, and 24 months post-transplant. Twenty-seven recipients were included; 9 underwent conversion to Bela+MPA, 8 to Bela+low-dose Tac and 10 continued Tac+MPA. Serial blood samples were collected for immune phenotyping and gene expression analyses. Results: The Bela+MPA arm was closed early due to high rate of biopsy proven acute rejection (BPAR). The incidence of BPAR was 4/9 in Bela+MPA, 0/8 in Bela+low dose Tac and 2/10 in Tac+MPA, P= 0.087. The Bela+low-dose Tac regimen was associated with +8.8 mL/min/1.73 m Conclusions: Our data indicate that, in steroid free regimens, low-dose Tac maintenance is needed to prevent rejection when patients are converted to Bela, at least when the maneuver is done early after transplant.
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