ArticleBMC pulmonary medicine2023
The burden of lower respiratory infections and their underlying etiologies in the Middle East and North Africa region, 1990-2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.
Article in BMC pulmonary medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Expert opinion on improving influenza vaccination coverage rate in Qatar: Strategic solutions and role of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV).Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Global burden of lower respiratory infections associated with antimicrobial resistance: insights from the Global Burden of Disease 2021.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2026Article
- Analysis of disease burden and trends in non-COVID-19 respiratory infections in China (1990-2021).BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Determination of the indoor air bacterial load and associated factors in primary schools in Hawassa City, Ethiopia, 2023. A comparative -cross-sectional study.Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine · 2025Article
- Global Trends and Attributable Risk Factors in the Disease Burden of Lower Respiratory Infections.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Impact of temperature variations on burden of lower respiratory infections under climate change (1990-2021).BMC public health · 2025Article
- Burden of non-communicable diseases in South Asia: a decomposition analysis.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Global patterns and trends in deaths of influenza-associated lower respiratory infections from 1990 to 2019.Epidemiology and infection · 2025Article
- A 32-year trend analysis of lower respiratory infections in children under 5: insights from the global burden of disease study 2021.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Exploring health needs and the double burden of disease in adults attending public health facilities in the Iraqi Kurdistan.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Endolysins: targetingFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Key Challenges to Understanding the Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Older Adults in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa: An Expert Perspective.Advances in therapy · 2024Review
- Article
- Resistance patterns of bacterial pathogens causing lower respiratory tract infections: Aleppo-Syria.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Article
- Utility of the Xpert Xpress CoV-2/Flu/RSV Plus Kit: A Glance at RSV Infection in Adults and Coinfection Rate.Saudi journal of medicine & medical sciencesArticle
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9 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLower respiratory infections (LRIs) cause substantial mortality and morbidity. The present study reported and analysed the burden of LRIs in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region between 1990 and 2019, by age, sex, etiology, and socio-demographic index (SDI).
methodsThe data used in this study were sourced from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019. The annual incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to LRIs were presented as counts and age-standardised rates per 100,000 population, along with their 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). The average annual percent changes (AAPC) in the age-standardised incidence, death and DALYs rates were calculated using Joinpoint software and correlations (Pearson's correlation coefficient) between the AAPCs and SDIs were calculated using Stata software.
resultsIn 2019, there were 34.1 million (95% UI 31.7-36.8) incident cases of LRIs in MENA, with an age-standardised rate of 6510.2 (95% UI 6063.6-6997.8) per 100,000 population. The number of regional DALYs was 4.7 million (95% UI 3.9-5.4), with an age-standardised rate of 888.5 (95% UI 761.1-1019.9) per 100,000 population, which has decreased since 1990. Furthermore, Egypt [8150.8 (95% UI 7535.8-8783.5)] and Afghanistan [61.9 (95% UI 52.1-72.6)] had the highest age-standardised incidence and death rates, respectively. In 2019, the regional incidence and DALY rates were highest in the 1-4 age group, in both females and males. In terms of deaths, pneumococcus and H. influenza type B were the most and least common types of LRIs, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the burden of LRIs generally decreased with increasing SDI. There were significant positive correlations between SDI and the AAPCs for the age-standardised incidence, death and DALY rates (p < 0.05). Over the 1990-2019 period, the regional incidence, deaths and DALYs attributable to LRIs decreased with AAPCs of - 1.19% (- 1.25 to - 1.13), - 2.47% (- 2.65 to - 2.28) and - 4.21% (- 4.43 to - 3.99), respectively.
conclusionsThe LRI-associated burden in the MENA region decreased between 1990 and 2019. SDI had a significant positive correlation with the AAPC and pneumococcus was the most common underlying cause of LRIs. Afghanistan, Yemen and Egypt had the largest burdens in 2019. Further studies are needed to investigate the effectiveness of healthcare interventions and programs to control LRIs and their risk factors.
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