SynthesisJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2023
Research Review: A systematic review and meta-analysis of infant and toddler temperament as predictors of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Synthesis in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genome-wide association studies of infant and toddler temperament in European and multi-ancestry populations.Nature human behaviour · 2026Pooled it
- The effect of cognitive training on domains of attention in older adults with mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Journal of global health · 2023Pooled it
- Infant Habituation Task Performance Is Associated With Familial Risk for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.JAACAP open · 2026Article
- Early-childhood temperament trajectories map onto transdiagnostic psychiatric risk.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Temperament as a Risk Factor for Clinical Diagnosis During the Transition From Childhood Through Adolescence and Young Adulthood: A 16-Year Multimethod Longitudinal Study.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026Article
- Neural correlates of child temperament: The role of brain network connectivity in psychopathology risk.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Early-childhood temperament deviations mark psychiatric risk into early adulthood.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Differential impacts of parental attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder on early maternal-infant attachment.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Sex-specific vulnerabilities in early human neurodevelopment following SARS-CoV-2-induced maternal immune activation.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- An Assessment of Motor Skills in Infants at Risk of Atypical Psychomotor Development Using the Vojta Method.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Neonatal neurobehavior and infant temperament amongst offspring born to parents with and without ADHD.Infant behavior & development · 2025Article
- Temperament and executive functioning correlates of ADHD symptom severity during early versus middle childhood.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Article
- Temperament Profiles at Age 18 Months as Distinctive Predictors of Elevated ASD- and ADHD-Trait Scores and Their Co-Occurrence at Age 8-9: HBC Study.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2025Article
- The utility of multiple assessments in infancy and toddlerhood to predict middle childhood ADHD symptoms: Temperamental, behavioral, and genetic contributions.Infant behavior & development · 2025Article
- From mother to infant: predicting infant temperament using maternal mental health measures and tabular machine learning models.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Influence of temperament on early neurodevelopmental disorders: a systematic review protocol.BMJ open · 2024Article
- The Developmental Unfolding of ADHD Symptoms from Early Childhood Through Adolescence: Early Effects of Exuberant Temperament, Parenting and Executive Functioning.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2024Article
- Exploring the impact of antenatal micronutrients used as a treatment for maternal depression on infant temperament in the first year of life.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Effect of an early music intervention on emotional and neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants at 12 and 24 months.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- The interaction between infant negative emotionality and cognition predicts ADHD-related behaviors in toddlerhood.Infant behavior & development · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with onset as early as preschool and impairment across the lifespan. Temperament factors, specifically those that theoretically map onto ADHD symptoms, may be early markers of risk for developing later childhood ADHD that could be identifiable in infancy or toddlerhood. This meta-analysis examined the associations between these early temperamental factors and later symptoms and diagnosis of ADHD and mapped early temperament constructs onto the three ADHD symptom dimensions.
methodsA systemic review of the literature was conducted to identify prospective longitudinal studies that included theoretically relevant temperament constructs (sustained attention, activity level, inhibition, and negative emotionality) examined from birth to 36 months old and ADHD (symptoms or diagnosis) in preschool or childhood. The association between each temperament construct and ADHD outcomes was examined using pooled standardized estimates in meta-analyses.
resultsForty-eight articles (n = 112,716 infants/toddlers) prospectively examined temperament and the relation to childhood ADHD symptoms or diagnosis. Activity level (k = 18) in infancy and toddlerhood was moderately associated with childhood ADHD (r = .39, CI = 0.27, 0.51, p < .001). Moderate effect sizes were also observed for sustained attention (k = 9; r = -.28, CI = -0.42, -0.12, p < .001) and negative emotionality (k = 33; r = .25, CI = 0.16, 0.34, p < .001) with ADHD. The specificity of each temperament construct for later ADHD symptom dimensions was such that activity level and negative emotionality were predictive of all three symptom dimensions (i.e., inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and combined), whereas sustained attention was only associated with combined symptoms.
conclusionsInfant and toddler temperament is an early risk factor for the development of childhood ADHD that could be utilized for early intervention identification. Yet, this systematic review found that relatively few prospective longitudinal studies have examined sustained attention (k = 9) and inhibition (k = 15) in infancy and toddlerhood in relation to later ADHD highlighting the need for further research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.