SynthesisBMJ open2023
Diabetes as a risk factor for the onset of frozen shoulder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Frozen Shoulder: A Pragmatic Replicated N-of-1 Case Series Investigating Glucose Levels and Patient Reported Outcomes Following a Corticosteroid Injection.
Comparision of Hydrodilatation Results at Different Volumes in Adhesive Capsulitis by Phases.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- The diabetic shoulder: association between diabetes mellitus and adhesive capsulitis - a systematic review and meta-analysis.International orthopaedics · 2026Pooled it
- Influence of the metabolic and inflammatory profile in patients with frozen shoulder - systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of resistance-band shoulder exercise on pain, range of motion, and functional disability in diabetic adults with adhesive capsulitis: a pilot randomized controlled trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Trial
- Preoperative hyperglycemia within 24 hours of surgery is associated with adverse outcomes after rotator cuff repair.Clinics in shoulder and elbow · 2026Article
- Comparative Outcome Analysis of Leukocyte-Rich Platelet-rich Plasma, Leukocyte-Poor Platelet-rich Plasma, Injectable Platelet-rich Fibrin and Corticosteroid Injections in Periarthritis of the Shoulder: A Double-Blinded, Four-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2026Article
- Pattern of Musculoskeletal Pain Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study.Cureus · 2026Article
- Association between 1400 metabolites mediated gut microbiota and frozen shoulder: An exploratory 2-step mendelian randomization study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Beyond Neuropathy: The Mechanisms and Phenotypes of Diabetes-Related Musculoskeletal Pain.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- An investigation into the level of awareness concerning rotator cuff disorders and adhesive capsulitis in southern region, Saudi Arabia.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026Article
- Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, and Adhesive Capsulitis: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study of the European Population.Genetics research · 2026Article
- Signaling pathway networks in frozen shoulder fibrosis: from inflammatory initiation to fibrotic progression.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Short-term outcomes of adding supervised joint mobilization to ultrasound-guided suprascapular nerve block plus home exercise for frozen shoulder: a single-center retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Influence of demographic and pathological factors on the clinical course and outcomes of the arthroscopic frozen shoulder 360° release.JSES reviews, reports, and techniques · 2025Article
- [Diabetes mellitus-a risk factor for pain].Schmerz (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Review
- An international consensus on the etiology, risk factors, diagnosis and Management for individuals with Frozen Shoulder: a Delphi study.The Journal of manual & manipulative therapy · 2025Article
- Efficacy of manipulation under anesthesia with ultrasound-guided platelet-rich plasma injection in shoulder stiffness concomitant with rotator cuff injury.JSES reviews, reports, and techniques · 2025Article
- Effects of Hydrodilatation at Different Volumes on Adhesive Capsulitis in Phases 1 and 2: Clinical Trial Protocol HYCAFVOL.Clinics and practice · 2025Article
- Outcomes of total knee arthroplasty in people with diabetes: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analysis.Journal of orthopaedics · 2025Review
- Type 2 diabetes, metabolic health, and the development of frozen shoulder: a cohort study in UK electronic health records.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Hydrodilatation: a comparison between diabetics and non-diabetics with adhesive capsulitis.International orthopaedics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveSummarise longitudinal observational studies to determine whether diabetes (types 1 and 2) is a risk factor for frozen shoulder.
designSystematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, Embase, AMED, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, CINAHL, Epistemonikos, Trip, PEDro, OpenGrey and The Grey Literature Report were searched on January 2019 and updated in June 2021. Reference screening and emailing professional contacts were also used. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Longitudinal observational studies that estimated the association between diabetes and developing frozen shoulder. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data extraction was completed by one reviewer and independently checked by another using a predefined extraction sheet. Risk of bias was judged using the Quality In Prognosis Studies tool. For studies providing sufficient data, random-effects meta-analysis was used to derive summary estimates of the association between diabetes and the onset of frozen shoulder.
resultsA meta-analysis of six case-control studies including 5388 people estimated the odds of developing frozen shoulder for people with diabetes to be 3.69 (95% CI 2.99 to 4.56) times the odds for people without diabetes. Two cohort studies were identified, both suggesting diabetes was associated with frozen shoulder, with HRs of 1.32 (95% CI 1.22 to 1.42) and 1.67 (95% CI 1.46 to 1.91). Risk of bias was judged as high in seven studies and moderate in one study.
conclusionPeople with diabetes are more likely to develop frozen shoulder. Risk of unmeasured confounding was the main limitation of this systematic review. High-quality studies are needed to confirm the strength of, and understand reasons for, the association. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42019122963.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.