ArticleScandinavian journal of primary health care2022
Interrater and intrarater agreement on heart murmurs.
Article in Scandinavian journal of primary health care, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chest auscultation - tradition and expectationsScandinavian journal of primary health care · 2026Review
- Entropy-Based Phonocardiogram Classification Using Continuous and Synchrosqueezed Wavelet Transforms: A Systematic Comparison.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Determinants of systolic murmurs without significant valvular heart disease in an unselected Norwegian adult population: the Tromsø Study.Open heart · 2026Article
- Heart murmurs in the general population: diagnostic value and prevalence from the Tromsø Study.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2025Article
- Detection of heart failure in a general population not aware of having the disease.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2025Article
- Machines Are Learning Chest Auscultation. Will They Also Become Our Teachers?CHEST pulmonary · 2024Review
- Artificial intelligence-enhanced patient evaluation: bridging art and science.European heart journal · 2024Review
- Deep Learning in Heart Sound Analysis: From Techniques to Clinical Applications.Health data science · 2024Review
- Validity and Reliability of Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Detecting Moderate- or High-Grade Carotid Atherosclerosis in an Outpatient Department.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Algorithm for predicting valvular heart disease from heart sounds in an unselected cohort.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate interrater and intrarater agreement between physicians and medical students on heart sound classification from audio recordings, and factors predicting agreement with a reference classification.
designIntra- and interrater agreement study. SUBJECTS: Seventeen GPs and eight cardiologists from Norway and the Netherlands, eight medical students from Norway.
main outcome measuresProportion of agreement and kappa coefficients for intrarater agreement and agreement with a reference classification.
resultsThe proportion of intrarater agreement on the presence of any murmur was 83% on average, with a median kappa of 0.64 (range
conclusionWe observed fair but variable agreement with a reference on heart murmurs, and physician experience and specialty, as well as murmur intensity, were the factors most strongly associated with agreement.Key points:Heart auscultation is the main physical examination of the heart, but we lack knowledge of inter- and intrarater agreement on heart sounds.• Physicians identified heart murmurs from heart sound recordings fairly reliably compared with a reference classification, and with fair intrarater agreement.• Both intrarater agreement and agreement with the reference showed considerable variation between doctors• Murmur intensity, more than five years in clinical practice, and cardiology specialty were most strongly linked to agreement with the reference.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.