ArticleCancer2023
Spatial PD-L1, immune-cell microenvironment, and genomic copy-number alteration patterns and drivers of invasive-disease transition in prospective oral precancer cohort.
Article in Cancer, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Immune Checkpoint Expression in Predicting the Risk of Malignant Transformation in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders.International dental journal · 2026Pooled it
- Signaling pathways and targeted interventions for precancers.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Prediction of loss of heterozygosity in oral cavity dysplasia through vascular pattern.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Article
- Interferon Epsilon Loss Is Elusive 9p21 Link to Immune-Cold Tumors, Resistant to Immune Checkpoint Therapy, and Endogenous CXCL9/10 Induction.Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer · 2025Review
- KRAS amplification in colorectal cancer: correlations with clinicopathological features and prognosis in patients and prediction of response to targeted therapy.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Investigating Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in the Microenvironment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs): Can They Shift Our Perspective? A Scoping Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Defining precancer: a grand challenge for the cancer community.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2024Review
- Epithelial‑derived head and neck squamous tumourigenesis (Review).Oncology reports · 2024Review
- Immunophenotypic and Gene Expression Analyses of the Inflammatory Microenvironment in High-Grade Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Oral Lichen Planus.Head and neck pathology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStudies of the immune landscape led to breakthrough trials of programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors for recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma therapy. This study investigated the timing, influence of somatic copy-number alterations (SCNAs), and clinical implications of PD-L1 and immune-cell patterns in oral precancer (OPC).
methodsThe authors evaluated spatial CD3, CD3/8, and CD68 density (cells/mm
resultsEpithelial, but not CD68 immune-cell, PD-L1 expression was detected in 28% of OPCs, correlated with immune-cell infiltration, 9p21.3 loss of heterozygosity (LOH), and inferior oral cancer-free survival (OCFS), notably in OPCs with low CD3/8 cell density, dysplasia, and/or 9p21.3 LOH. High CD3/8 cell density in dysplastic lesions predicted better OCFS and eliminated the excess risk associated with prior oral cancer and dysplasia. PD-L1 and CD3/8 patterns revealed inferior OCFS in PD-L1 high intrinsic induction and dysplastic immune-cold subgroups.
conclusionThis report provides spatial insight into the immune landscape and drivers of OPCs, and a publicly available immunogenomic data set for future precancer interrogation. The data suggest that 9p21.3 LOH triggers an immune-hot inflammatory phenotype; whereas increased 9p deletion size encompassing CD274 at 9p24.1 may contribute to CD3/8 and PD-L1 depletion during invasive transition. The inferior OCFS in PD-L1-high, immune-cold OPCs support the development of T-cell recruitment strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.