ArticleBMC musculoskeletal disorders2023
The relationship between spinal alignment and activity of paravertebral muscle during gait in patients with adult spinal deformity: a retrospective study.
Article in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association between trunk extensor endurance and dynamic spinal alignment changes during walking in older patients with adult spinal deformity.Spine deformity · 2026Article
- Mapping the genetically predicted associations between lower-extremity muscle traits and spinal diseases.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Fatty infiltration of paraspinal muscles and its association with sagittal spinal malalignment in the general population.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Three-dimensional gait analysis reveals differences in spinal balance and muscle activity during prolonged walking in patients with dropped head syndrome based on global spinal alignment.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Radiographic phenotype-driven clustering in lumbar decompression: comparative study of outcome and reoperation risk.The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society · 2026Article
- Abnormal Paravertebral Muscle Activity and Cervical Extensor Muscle Condition Affect Dynamic Spinal Balance during Gait in Dropped Head Syndrome.Spine surgery and related research · 2025Article
- Wearable Devices in Scoliosis Treatment: A Scoping Review of Innovations and Challenges.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Clinical Outcomes and Risk Factors Associated with Spinal Kyphotic Deformity Following Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Two-stage video-based convolutional neural networks for adult spinal deformity classification.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundSpinal alignment in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD) changes between rest and during gait. However, it remains unclear at which point the compensated walking posture breaks down and how muscles respond. This study used time-synchronized electromyography (EMG) to investigate the relationship between dynamic spinal alignment and muscle activity during maximum walking duration to reveal compensation mechanisms.
methodsThis study collected preoperative three-dimensional gait analysis data from patients who were candidates for corrective surgery for ASD from April 2015 to May 2019. We preoperatively obtained dynamic spinal alignment parameters from initiation to cessation of gait using a motion capture system with time-synchronized surface integrated EMG (iEMG). We compared chronological changes in dynamic spinal alignment parameters and iEMG values 1) immediately after gait initiation (first trial), 2) half of the distance walked (half trial), and 3) immediately before cessation (last trial).
resultsThis study included 26 patients (22 women, four men) with ASD. Spinal sagittal vertical axis distance during gait (SpSVA) increased over time (first vs. half vs. last, 172.4 ± 74.8 mm vs. 179.9 ± 76.8 mm vs. 201.6 ± 83.1 mm; P < 0.001). Cervical paravertebral muscle (PVM) and gluteus maximus activity significantly increased (P < 0.01), but thoracic and lumbar PVM activity did not change. Dynamic spinal alignment showed significant correlation with all muscle activity (cervical PVM, r = 0.41-0.54; thoracic PVM, r = 0.49-0.66; gluteus maximus, r = 0.54-0.69; quadriceps, r = 0.46-0.55) except lumbar PVM activity.
conclusionSpinal balance exacerbation occurred continuously in patients with ASD over maximum walking distance and not at specific points. To maintain horizontal gaze, cervical PVM and gluteus maximus were activated to compensate for a dynamic spinal alignment change. All muscle activities, except lumbar PVM, increased to compensate for the spinal malalignment over time.
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