ArticleBMC cancer2023
AGA induces sub-G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human colon cancer cells through p53-independent/p53-dependent pathway.
Article in BMC cancer, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Novel pyridine-based chalcone analogs and triple negative breast cancer: potential therapy & molecular pathways.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Galactokinase 1 Inhibition-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Bladder Cancer Cells Is Associated with AKT Signaling Downregulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- NOP56 Drives Colorectal Cancer Progression by Modulating p53 Acetylation through SIRT1/p300.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Article
- Endocrine Therapy versus Chemotherapy After CDK4/6 Inhibitor Progression in HR+/HER2- Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Multicenter Real-World Study from Turkey.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2026Article
- Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel carnosic acid derivatives with anticancer activity.RSC advances · 2025Article
- Combining network pharmacology and RNA sequencing to reveal the mechanism of emodin for the treatment of human neuroblastoma.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Targeting immune cells in tumor microenvironment in triple negative breast cancer therapy: future perspective to overcome doxorubicin resistance and toxicity.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
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- Resveratrol and p53: How are they involved in CRC plasticity and apoptosis?Journal of advanced research · 2024Review
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- Heterogeneous Cellular Response of Primary and Metastatic Human Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines to Magnoflorine and Its Additive Interaction with Docetaxel.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- A review of anti-tumour effects of Ganoderma lucidum in gastrointestinal cancer.Chinese medicine · 2023Review
- P53/MDM2 Complex-Based Targeted Strategies in Colon Adenocarcinoma.Acta medica academica · 2023Article
- The Loss-Function ofSensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Comparative Expression Analysis ofCancer diagnosis & prognosisArticle
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite the advancement in chemotherapeutic drugs for colon cancer treatment, it is still a life-threatening disease worldwide due to drug resistance. Therefore, an urgently needed to develop novel drugs for colon cancer therapies. AGA is a combination of traditional Chinese medicine Antler's extract (A), Ganoderma lucidum (G), and Antrodia camphorata (A); it contains a lot of biomolecules like polysaccharides, fatty acids, and triterpenoids that are known to exerting anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-tumor activities in oral cancer. In this study, we investigate AGA anti-proliferative, anti-metastatic and apoptotic activity to explore its anti-cancer activity against colon cancer cells and its underlying mechanism.
methodHere, in-vitro studies were performed to determine the antiproliferative activity of AGA through MTT and colony formation assays. Wound healing and transwell migration assay were used to evaluate the metastasis. Flow cytometry and protein expression were used to investigate the involved molecular mechanism by evaluating the cell cycle and apoptosis. The in-vivo anti-cancerous activity of AGA was assessed by xenograft mice model of colon cancer cells.
resultsWe found that AGA significantly inhibited the proliferative capacity and metastasis of colon cancer cells in-vitro. In addition, AGA induced cell cycle arrest in the sub-G1 phase through upregulating p21 and downregulating CDK2, CDK6 in SW620, and CDK4 in SW480 and HT29, respectively. Annexin-v assay indicated that colon cancer cells had entered early and late apoptosis after treatment with AGA. Furthermore, a mechanistic protein expressions study revealed that AGA in p53-dependent and independent regulated the apoptosis of colon cancer by downregulating the p53 protein expression in SW620 and SW480 cells but upregulating in a dose-dependent manner in HT29 cells and increasing the expression of Bax and caspase-9 to inhibit the colon cancer cells. In vivo study, we found that AGA significantly reduced the xenograft tumor growth in NOD/SCID mice with no adverse effect on the kidney and liver.
conclusionCollectively, AGA has the potential to inhibit colon cancer through inhibiting proliferation, migration, and cell cycle kinase by upregulating p21 protein expression and promoting the apoptotic protein in a p53-dependent and independent manner.
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