ArticleEndocrine2023
A prospective follow-up on thyroid function, thyroid autoimmunity and long COVID among 250 COVID-19 survivors.
Article in Endocrine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thyroid disorders and COVID-19: a comprehensive review of literature.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Long-Term Thyroid Complications Post-COVID-19: A Systematic Review.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Emerging evidence from China indicates SARS- COV-2 may be associated with newly diagnosed Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a clinical study of 54 patients with COVID-19 complicated by newly diagnosed disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- A 6-Year Retrospective Study in Surgery Patients with Thyroid Diseases in Mureș County, Romania, Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Thyroid dysfunction in COVID-19.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2024Review
- The Growing Understanding of the Pituitary Implication in the Pathogenesis of Long COVID-19 Syndrome: A Narrative Review.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2024Review
- The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: An Overview.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Increasing prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in childhood type 1 diabetes in the pre-COVID but not during the COVID era.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Thyroid dysfunction in the wake of Omicron: understanding its role in COVID-19 severity and mortality.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Beyond Acute COVID-19: Investigating the Incidence of Subacute Thyroiditis in Long COVID-19 in Korea.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2023Article
- Long COVID: Complications, Underlying Mechanisms, and Treatment Strategies.Archives of microbiology & immunology · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeWe evaluated the evolution of thyroid function and autoimmunity among COVID-19 survivors over 6 months in relation to interferon beta-1b treatment and long COVID.
methodsWe included COVID-19 survivors managed in a major COVID-19 centre between July 2020 and May 2021 who were reassessed three and/or six months after acute COVID-19. Thyroid function tests (TFTs) and anti-thyroid antibody titres were measured at acute COVID-19, 3-month and 6-month.
results250 COVID-19 survivors were included (mean age 52.7 years, 50.4% men). Persistent thyroid function abnormalities were more likely in those with abnormal TFTs in acute COVID-19 (P < 0.001). Among 51 patients with abnormal TFTs in acute COVID-19, 82.4% resolved upon follow-up. Of 199 patients with normal TFTs in acute COVID-19, only 4.5% had incident abnormal TFTs, more likely in interferon-treated patients (P = 0.044) and none clinically overt. Among 129 patients with complete 6-month follow-up for anti-thyroid antibody titres, there was no significant change overall, except for modest increase in anti-thyroid antibody titres among the 84 interferon-treated patients (P < 0.05 at both 3 months and 6 months). Long COVID occurred in 19.5% and 10.4% at 3 and 6 months respectively, where TFTs and anti-thyroid antibody titres were not predictive of its occurrence.
conclusionOver 6 months, most abnormal TFTs in acute COVID-19 resolved, with no significant incident thyroid dysfunction. SARS-CoV-2 infection did not lead to change in thyroid autoimmunity, while interferon treatment was associated with modest increase in anti-thyroid antibody titres. Thyroid function and anti-thyroid antibodies did not play a significant role in long COVID.
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