ArticleThe Journal of veterinary medical science2023
Amitriptyline intoxication in bullfrogs causes widening of QRS complexes in electrocardiogram.
Article in The Journal of veterinary medical science, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bullfrog heart model reproducing electrocardiographic changes of lateral wall myocardial infarction.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2026Article
- Hydrogen peroxide exposure to bullfrog heart causes ST segment elevation.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2025Article
- Sodium bicarbonate and salbutamol facilitate recovery from hyperkalemia-induced electrocardiogram abnormalities in bullfrog hearts.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Amitriptyline intoxication is caused by its suicidal or accidental overdose. In the present study, by intravenously injecting 1.5 or 3.0 mg/kg amitriptyline into bullfrogs, we actually revealed that amitriptyline causes the widening of QRS complexes in electrocardiogram (ECG). In simultaneous recordings of the cardiac action potential, amitriptyline decreased the slope of phase 0 in the action potential, indicating the inhibition of the inward sodium currents during this phase. The following treatment with sodium bicarbonate quickly restored the widened QRS complexes in the ECG, demonstrating the counteraction with the sodium channel blockade caused by amitriptyline. The dual recordings of ECG waveforms and the action potential in cardiomyocytes enabled us to demonstrate the mechanisms of characteristic ECG abnormalities caused by amitriptyline intoxication.
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