ArticleNature medicine2023
Infectiousness of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections and reinfections during the Omicron wave.
Article in Nature medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 138 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
138 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 229 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of febrile seizures associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pre-Omicron and Omicron-predominant periods: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Incidence, severity, risk factors and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections during the Omicron period: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2025Pooled it
- Multi-omics analysis reveals COVID-19 vaccine induced attenuation of inflammatory responses during breakthrough disease.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- SARS-CoV-2 viral dynamics in a placebo-controlled phase 2 study of patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and treated with pomotrelvir.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Serology survey against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of residents in Tainan, Taiwan.Virulence · 2026Article
- Tracking the shifting landscape of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Lebanon among healthcare workers and hospitalized patients.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Integrated framework to study genomic surveillance of selective sweeps in multivariants dynamics.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Differential Odds of COVID-19 Infection Associated With Household and Workplace Exposures in US Health Care Personnel.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Reimagining COVID vaccine distribution: reflecting on waste and equity.Population health metrics · 2026Article
- Article
- Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections broaden the repertoire of Spike-reactive CD4 T cells.mBio · 2026Article
- Article
- Spike conformational and glycan heterogeneity associated with furin cleavage causes incomplete neutralization of SARS-CoV-2.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Bivalent mRNA vaccine booster enhances immunity against XBB.1.5 more effectively than breakthrough infection in K18-hACE2 mice.iScience · 2025Article
- Risk factors of COVID-19 breakthrough infection: a case-control test-negative design study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Mental health symptoms and associated factors for general population at the stable, recurrence, and end-of-emergency stages of the COVID-19 pandemic: a repeated national cross-sectional study.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2025Article
- Optimization of school closures during an Omicron epidemic in Hong Kong: a modelling study.Interface focus · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection during pregnancy preferentially elicits IgG4 response and enhanced placental-transfer.Vaccine · 2025Article
78 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals and reinfections in previously infected individuals have become increasingly common. Such infections highlight a broader need to understand the contribution of vaccination, including booster doses, and natural immunity to the infectiousness of individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infections, especially in high-risk populations with intense transmission, such as in prisons. Here we show that both vaccine-derived and naturally acquired immunity independently reduce the infectiousness of persons with Omicron variant SARS-CoV-2 infections in a prison setting. Analyzing SARS-CoV-2 surveillance data from December 2021 to May 2022 across 35 California state prisons with a predominately male population, we estimate that unvaccinated Omicron cases had a 36% (95% confidence interval (CI): 31-42%) risk of transmitting infection to close contacts, as compared to a 28% (25-31%) risk among vaccinated cases. In adjusted analyses, we estimated that any vaccination, prior infection alone and both vaccination and prior infection reduced an index case's risk of transmitting infection by 22% (6-36%), 23% (3-39%) and 40% (20-55%), respectively. Receipt of booster doses and more recent vaccination further reduced infectiousness among vaccinated cases. These findings suggest that, although vaccinated and/or previously infected individuals remain highly infectious upon SARS-CoV-2 infection in this prison setting, their infectiousness is reduced compared to individuals without any history of vaccination or infection. This study underscores benefit of vaccination to reduce, but not eliminate, transmission.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.