ArticleIn vivo (Athens, Greece)
Age-related Differences in Immune Reactions to SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid Antigens.
Article in In vivo (Athens, Greece). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Case of Sudden Unexpected Infant Death with Presumptive SARS-CoV-2 Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Peripheral transcriptional responses to experimental SARS-CoV-2 inoculation in North American elk cows and calves.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Age-Specific Cytokine Profiling in Children withJournal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Immunological characterization and comparison of children with COVID-19 from their adult counterparts at single-cell resolution.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Immunogenicity of the CoronaVac vaccine in children: a real-world study.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Venezuelan Pediatric Patients-A Single Center Prospective Observational Study.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Stable "Salivary Viral Road Ratios" in Individuals Infected With Omicron Variants.In vivo (Athens, Greece)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimThe manifestation and severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections show a clear correlation to the age of a patient. The younger a person, the less likely the infection results in significant illness. To explore the immunological characteristics behind this phenomenon, we studied the course of SARS-CoV-2 infections in 11 households, including 8 children and 6 infants/neonates of women who got infected with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe investigated the immune responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (UCBCs), and T cells against spike and nucleocapsid antigens of SARS-COV-2 by flow cytometry and cytokine secretion assays.
resultsUpon peptide stimulation, UCBC from neonates showed a strongly reduced IFN-γ production, as well as lower levels of IL-5, IL-13, and TNF-α alongside with decreased frequencies of surface CD137/PD-1 co-expressing CD4
conclusionThe increased severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections in adults could result from the strong cytokine production and lower potential to immunomodulate the excessive inflammation, while the limited IFN-γ production of responding T cells in infants/neonates and the additional higher frequencies of CD8
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