Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36592220›Full record

ArticleActa diabetologica2023

Gender gaps in type 1 diabetes care.

Jessica C G Bak, Erik H Serné, Harold W de Valk, Niek K Valk, Mark H H Kramer, Max Nieuwdorp, Carianne L Verheugt

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Acta diabetologica, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
3.6field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Jessica C G BakDepartment of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Erik H SernéDepartment of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Harold W de ValkUniversity Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Niek K ValkRode Kruis Hospital, Beverwijk, The Netherlands.
Mark H H KramerDepartment of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Max NieuwdorpDepartment of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Carianne L VerheugtDepartment of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. c.verheugt@amsterdamumc.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9406-9057
Amsterdam University Medical Centers · NLDutch Institute for Clinical Auditing · NLRode Kruis Ziekenhuis · NLUniversity Medical Center Utrecht · NL

Funding

ZonMw 09150182010020
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsDiabetes mellitus is one of the largest global health concerns of recent times. Women with diabetes mellitus have a higher excess risk of all-cause mortality and more vascular events than men. Focusing on type 1 diabetes, this could be caused by gender inequalities in delivered diabetes care. This study aims to assess gender differences in type 1 diabetes outpatient care, particularly diagnostics and outcomes.

methodsThis cross-sectional cohort study included all adult type 1 diabetes patients in the Dutch Pediatric and Adult Registry of Diabetes (DPARD) visiting diabetes outpatient clinics between 2016-2021. The frequency of process measurements, including physical examination and laboratory testing, was assessed among both sexes after adjustment for age and body mass index. Gender differences in eGFR ≥ 60, BMI-, and control in blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol were evaluated. Hospital variation in achieving HbA1c targets of 53 mmol/mol and median HbA1c were assessed. Cardiovascular risk scores were calculated in men and women using the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) European low-risk chart.

resultsOur study showed a 17% higher odds of reaching weight control and a 23% lower odds of achieving blood pressure targets in men than women. Gender-skewed cardiovascular mortality risk scores were found. Gender disparities in outcomes appear not to be caused by gender-biased attitudes in healthcare professionals since no gender differences were found in the performance of process measurements in type 1 diabetes care. In addition, hospitals appear to vary by extent of gender differences in achieving a target HbA1c of 53 mmol/mol.

conclusionGender equality exists in the diagnostic process of diabetes care. However, differences in weight control, blood pressure control, and cardiovascular mortality risk scores remain between both sexes, most likely due to multifactorial causes. Indications for interhospital variation in gender disparities in HbA1c control exist. Further focus on performance of process measurements between hospitals may identify areas for improvement of gender-skewed outcomes to further enhance Dutch diabetes care for both sexes.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2AdultChildCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansMaleSex FactorsGlycated HemoglobinGender equalityOutpatientsRegistriesType 1 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID36592220
PMCPMC9806805
OpenAlexW4313424433

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.