ReviewIntensive care medicine2023
How to use biomarkers of infection or sepsis at the bedside: guide to clinicians.
Review in Intensive care medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07398703 ("The Impact of Beta-Lactam Infusion Strategy on Treatment Efficacy in Sepsis and Septic Shock), which is not on this map. Cited by 174 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
"The Impact of Beta-Lactam Infusion Strategy on Treatment Efficacy in Sepsis and Septic Shock : Extended vs. Intermittent Dosing in the ICU"
Who cites it
174 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The prognostic value of the CALLY index in sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Unveiling neurogenic biomarkers for the differentiation between sepsis patients with or without encephalopathy: an updated meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Upregulation of CRISP3 and its clinical values in adult sepsis: a comprehensive analysis based on microarrays and a two-retrospective-cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Efficacy of IVIG therapy for patients with sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Use of C-reactive protein to guide the antibiotic therapy in hospitalized patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Combined intravenous bolus amino acid supplementation and mobilization on early muscle loss in critically ill adults: A randomized controlled trial.JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Intensive care infection score outperforms inflammatory biomarkers in detecting infection in critically ill patients.Infection · 2026Article
- Longitudinal and adjusted prognostic assessment of calprotectin in Gram-negative sepsis with acute respiratory failure.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Observational
- Relationship between continuous infusion meropenem PK/PD target attainment and C-reactive protein dynamics in onco-haematologic patients with febrile neutropenia.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- ActivatableChemical science · 2026Article
- Comparison of standard care versus a biomarker algorithm to guide antibiotic stewardship in pediatric intensive care unit: a prospective observational cohort study with historical control (the BASIP study).European journal of pediatrics · 2026Observational
- Integrated immune and endothelial profiling predicts 90-day mortality in postoperative sepsis and septic shock.EBioMedicine · 2026Observational
- An early prediction model of septic shock in patients with Escherichia coli bloodstream infection based on machine learning.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Vasopressor Dosing Trajectories in Septic Shock According to Initial Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Infection Source Concordance: A Retrospective Observational Study.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Observational
- Neutrophil EMR3 dynamics in critically ill patients with sepsis: an ICU experience.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Article
- Rational Engineering of the Anthrax Toxin Nanopore Interface for Orthogonal Peptide Classification.ACS omega · 2026Article
- High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglyceride levels and their prognosis in critically ill septic patients.World journal of critical care medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical Severity and Organ Dysfunction as Drivers of Mortality in Antimicrobial-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
114 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. In this context, biomarkers could be considered as indicators of either infection or dysregulated host response or response to treatment and/or aid clinicians to prognosticate patient risk. More than 250 biomarkers have been identified and evaluated over the last few decades, but no biomarker accurately differentiates between sepsis and sepsis-like syndrome. Published data support the use of biomarkers for pathogen identification, clinical diagnosis, and optimization of antibiotic treatment. In this narrative review, we highlight how clinicians could improve the use of pathogen-specific and of the most used host-response biomarkers, procalcitonin and C-reactive protein, to improve the clinical care of patients with sepsis. Biomarker kinetics are more useful than single values in predicting sepsis, when making the diagnosis and assessing the response to antibiotic therapy. Finally, integrated biomarker-guided algorithms may hold promise to improve both the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis. Herein, we provide current data on the clinical utility of pathogen-specific and host-response biomarkers, offer guidance on how to optimize their use, and propose the needs for future research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.