ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
The BNT162b2 vaccine induces humoral and cellular immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain and the Omicron variant in children 5 to 11 years of age.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of COVID-19 vaccine to the Omicron variant in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Cellular Immune Response Induced by mRNA Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Review
- T and B cell responses in different immunization scenarios for COVID-19: a narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- COVID-19 vaccination, all-cause mortality, and hospitalization for cancer: 30-month cohort study in an Italian province.EXCLI journal · 2025Article
- Early symptoms and 12-week follow-up of pediatric omicron infections during the Beijing outbreak.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Article
- Intradermal Fractional ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Booster Vaccine Induces Memory T Cells: A Follow-Up Study.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Distinct T cell polyfunctional profile in SARS-CoV-2 seronegative children associated with endemic human coronavirus cross-reactivity.iScience · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2-specific mucosal immune response in vaccinated versus infected children.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Antigen-specific T cell responses in SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-vaccinated children.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Article
- Comparative Immune Response after Vaccination with SOBERANAVaccines · 2023Article
- Observational
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection-and mRNA Vaccine-induced Humoral Immunity among Schoolchildren in Hawassa, Ethiopia.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Contribution of SARS-CoV-2 infection preceding COVID-19 mRNA vaccination to generation of cellular and humoral immune responses in children.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines prevent severe COVID-19 by generating immune memory, comprising specific antibodies and memory B and T cells. Although children are at low risk of severe COVID-19, the spreading of highly transmissible variants has led to increasing in COVID-19 cases and hospitalizations also in the youngest, but vaccine coverage remains low. Immunogenicity to mRNA vaccines has not been extensively studied in children 5 to 11 years old. In particular, cellular immunity to the wild-type strain (Wuhan) and the cross-reactive response to the Omicron variant of concern has not been investigated. We assessed the humoral and cellular immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine in 27 healthy children. We demonstrated that vaccination induced a potent humoral and cellular immune response in all vaccinees. By using spike-specific memory B cells as a measurable imprint of a previous infection, we found that 50% of the children had signs of a past, undiagnosed infection before vaccination. Children with pre-existent immune memory generated significantly increased levels of specific antibodies, and memory T and B cells, directed against not only the wild type virus but also the omicron variant.
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