SynthesisFrontiers in medicine2022
Effect of COVID-19 vaccination on the menstrual cycle.
Synthesis in Frontiers in medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of menstrual alterations following COVID-19 vaccination: systematic review & meta-analysis.BMC women's health · 2024Pooled it
- Menstrual disorders following COVID-19 vaccination: a review using a systematic search.Frontiers in drug safety and regulation · 2024Pooled it
- The Menstrual Cycle as a Vital Sign: a comprehensive review.F&S reviews · 2025Article
- Coronavirus disease vaccine linked menstrual changes: mobile application study.Obstetrics & gynecology science · 2025Article
- Alterations in menstrual characteristics and associated factors in Chinese women post SARS-CoV-2 infection: a cross-sectional study.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- The Possible Mechanistic Basis of Individual Susceptibility to Spike Protein Injury.Advances in virology · 2025Review
- Changes in female cancer diagnostic billing rates over the COVID-19 period in the Ontario Health Insurance Plan.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2025Article
- The direct effect of SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccination on human ovarian granulosa cells explains menstrual irregularities.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Anti-COVID-19 Vaccination Alters the Menstrual Cycle and Dose Accumulation Enhances the Effect.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Association between receiving Covid-19 vaccine and menstrual cycle patterns among childbearing women: A cross-sectional study.Health science reports · 2024Article
- The Multi-faceted Effects of COVID-19 on Female Reproductive Health: An Updated Narrative Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Effect of COVID-19 Vaccination on Menstrual Cycle Patterns of Reproductive-age Women: A Multi-centric Observational Study.Current drug research reviews · 2024Observational
- Acting on sex and gender in medical innovation is good for business.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Numerous anecdotal accounts and qualitative research studies have reported on post-vaccination menstrual irregularities in women of reproductive age. However, none have quantified the impact. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify and characterize the menstrual irregularities associated with vaccination for women of reproductive age. A search on July 20, 2022, retrieved articles published between December 1, 2019, and July 1, 2022, from MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science. The included articles were studies with full texts written in English that reported on menstrual irregularities for vaccinated vs. unvaccinated women of reproductive age. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Study Quality Assessment Tool for Observation Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Four observational studies were included. Review Manager was used to generating a forest plot with odds ratios (ORs) at the 95% confidence interval (CI), finding statistically significant associations between vaccination and menstrual irregularities for 25,054 women of reproductive age (OR = 1.91, CI: 1.76-2.07) with a significant overall effect of the mean (
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.