Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36590634›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2022

Social participation and mental health of immunocompromised individuals before and after COVID-19 vaccination-Results of a longitudinal observational study over three time points.

Gloria Heesen, Stephanie Heinemann, Frank Müller, Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka, Marie Mikuteit, Jacqueline Niewolik, Frank Klawonn, Kai Vahldiek, Eva Hummers, Dominik Schröder

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. How do fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, activity and role functioning, and mental health inter-relate in adults with post-COVID-19 syndrome? A structural equation model analysis.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025
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  4. Observational
  5. Article
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  7. Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Gloria HeesenDepartment of General Practice, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.
Stephanie HeinemannDepartment of General Practice, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.
Frank MüllerDepartment of General Practice, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.
Alexandra Dopfer-JablonkaDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.
Marie MikuteitDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.
Jacqueline NiewolikDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.
Frank KlawonnDepartment of Computer Science, Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, Wolfenbüttel, Germany.
Kai VahldiekDepartment of Computer Science, Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, Wolfenbüttel, Germany.
Eva HummersDepartment of General Practice, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.
Dominik SchröderDepartment of General Practice, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impacted how people perform their daily lives in manifold and sometimes massive ways. Particularly, individuals who are at high risk for a severe disease progression, like immunocompromised people, may have experienced drastic changes in social participation during the pandemic. A COVID-19 basic vaccination may have changed the safety behavior of immunocompromised individuals in terms of infection risk and thereby influence social participation and mental wellbeing. Methods: This study aims to investigate self-perceived social participation at baseline before and at follow-up 1 and 6 months after basic vaccination. Beginning in March 2021, 274 immunocompromised persons 18 years or older were enrolled in the COVID-19 Contact Immune study (CoCo study) in Lower Saxony, Germany. Measurements were performed at three time points regarding social participation [Index for the Assessment of Health Impairments (IMET)], mental health [Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4)], subjective health status (five-point Likert-scale) and quality of life (five-point Likert-scale). Results: In total, 126 participants were included in the final analysis. About 60% of the participants showed increasing social participation over time. The greatest increase in social participation was observed within the first month after basic vaccination ( Discussion: It is unclear why social participation increased after basic vaccination. Perceived vaccine efficacy and a feeling of being protected by the vaccine may have caused relaxed social distancing behaviors. Reducing safety behaviors may, however, increase the risk of a COVID-19 infection for immunocompromised individuals. Further investigations are needed to explore the health-related consequences of more social participation among immunocompromised persons.

Indexed as

COVID-19immunocompromised personslongitudinal studymental health statusobservational studyquality of lifeSARS-CoV-2 vaccinationsocial participation

Identifiers

PMID36590634
PMCPMC9795223

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.