Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36590098›Full record

ArticleIBRO neuroscience reports2022

Ensemble learning using traditional machine learning and deep neural network for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

Dong Nguyen, Hoang Nguyen, Hong Ong, Hoang Le, Huong Ha, Nguyen Thanh Duc, Hoan Thanh Ngo

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in IBRO neuroscience reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
11.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Dong NguyenSchool of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Vietnam.
Hoang NguyenSchool of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Vietnam.
Hong OngSchool of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Vietnam.
Hoang LeDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Huong HaSchool of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Vietnam.
Nguyen Thanh DucDepartment of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Institute of Integrated Technology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.
Hoan Thanh NgoSchool of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Vietnam.
Ho Chi Minh City International University · VNGwangju Institute of Science and Technology · KRVietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City · VNYork University · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In recent years, Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis using neuroimaging and deep learning has drawn great research attention. However, due to the scarcity of training neuroimaging data, many deep learning models have suffered from severe overfitting. In this study, we propose an ensemble learning framework that combines deep learning and machine learning. The deep learning model was based on a 3D-ResNet to exploit 3D structural features of neuroimaging data. Meanwhile, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) machine learning was applied on a voxel-wise basis to draw the most significant voxel groups out of the image. The 3D-ResNet and XGBoost predictions were combined with patient demographics and cognitive test scores (Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR)) to give a final diagnosis prediction. Our proposed method was trained and validated on brain MRI brain images of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset. During the training phase, multiple data augmentation methods were employed to tackle overfitting. Our test set contained only baseline scans, i.e., the first visit scans since we aimed to investigate the ability of our approach in detecting AD during the first visit of AD patients. Our 5-fold cross-validation implementation achieved an average AUC of 100% during training and 96% during testing. Using the same computer, our method was much faster in scoring a prediction, approximately 10 min, than feature extraction-based machine learning methods, which often take many hours to score a prediction. To make the prediction explainable, we visualized the brain MRI image regions that primarily affected the 3D-ResNet model's prediction via heatmap. Lastly, we observed that proper generation of test sets was critical to avoiding the data leakage issue and ensuring the validity of results.

Indexed as

Alzheimer’s disease diagnosisDeep learningEnsemble learningMachine learning

Identifiers

PMID36590098
PMCPMC9795286
OpenAlexW4294489618

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.