ArticleFrontiers in human neuroscience2022
A guide for concurrent TMS-fMRI to investigate functional brain networks.
Article in Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Neuropsychological and Anatomical-Functional Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Post-Stroke Patients with Cognitive Impairment and Aphasia: A Systematic Review.Neuropsychology review · 2025Pooled it
- Application of Electric-Field-Optimized Augmented Reality-Guided Neuronavigation in Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Feasibility of Integrating Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback with rTMS: Study Design, Preliminary Results, and Technical Challenges.Aperture neuro · 2026Article
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation from healthy brain aging to Alzheimer's disease: a review on mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and future clinical directions.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Consensus guidelines for the use of concurrent TMS-fMRI in cognitive and clinical neuroscience.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- A corticospinal signature for interindividual pain sensitivity.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Restoring Vision with Noninvasive Brain Stimulation: A Narrative Review.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Review
- The Use of MRI and TMS in Treatment-Resistant Depression: Advances in Pediatric Applications.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Cross-frequency neuromodulation: leveraging theta-gamma coupling for cognitive rehabilitation in MCI patients.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Lateral prefrontal cortex controls interplay between working memory and actions.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Review
- TMS-fMRI Supports Roles for VLPFC and Downstream Regions in Cognitive Reappraisal.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Review
- Multiplexed Levels of Cognitive Control through Delta and Theta Neural Oscillations.Journal of cognitive neuroscience · 2024Article
- Magnetogenetic stimulation inside MRI induces spontaneous and evoked changes in neural circuits activity in rats.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Presurgical Executive Functioning in Low-Grade Glioma Patients Cannot Be Topographically Mapped.Cancers · 2023Article
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7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) allows for the direct activation of neurons in the human neocortex and has proven to be fundamental for causal hypothesis testing in cognitive neuroscience. By administering TMS concurrently with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), the effect of cortical TMS on activity in distant cortical and subcortical structures can be quantified by varying the levels of TMS output intensity. However, TMS generates significant fluctuations in the fMRI time series, and their complex interaction warrants caution before interpreting findings. We present the methodological challenges of concurrent TMS-fMRI and a guide to minimize induced artifacts in experimental design and post-processing. Our study targeted two frontal-striatal circuits: primary motor cortex (M1) projections to the putamen and lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) projections to the caudate in healthy human participants. We found that TMS parametrically increased the BOLD signal in the targeted region and subcortical projections as a function of stimulation intensity. Together, this work provides practical steps to overcome common challenges with concurrent TMS-fMRI and demonstrates how TMS-fMRI can be used to investigate functional brain networks.
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