ReviewMaternal and child health journal2023
The Architecture of Early Childhood Sleep Over the First Two Years.
Review in Maternal and child health journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03731195 (GentleTouch), which is not on this map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
GentleTouch (Study to Evaluate Somatosensory Evoked Potential (SSEP) Responses to Affective Touch and How it Develops in Healthy Term Babies)
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Infants' Sleep Supports the Emergence and Mastery of Locomotor and Linguistic Skills.Developmental psychobiology · 2026Article
- Age-Related Differences in Sleep Measures Among Pediatric Patients With Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence in sleep diagnostics for children under 2 years of age: state of the evidence and future directions.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- The Development of Hippocampal-Cortical Functional Connectivity in Infants and Toddlers.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- Sleep and infant development in the first year.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Sleep problems in autistic children and adolescents: an age-stratified approach.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Determinants of Bed-Sharing Among Infants and Toddlers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Nature and science of sleep · 2026Article
- From Cradle to Early-Life Sleep: A Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research on Neonatal Sleep.Nature and science of sleep · 2026Article
- The impact of sleep in high-risk infants.Pediatric research · 2025Review
- Early-life NOThe Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025Article
- Impact of COVID-19 infection on the sleep of infants and toddlers.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Sleep Disorders in Infants and Toddlers with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Treated with Therapeutic Hypothermia: A Case-Control Study Using the SDSC.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Air pollution exposures and adverse childhood experiences in relation to sleep health in middle childhood.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2025Article
- Perinatal serotonin signalling dynamically influences the development of cortical GABAergic circuits with consequences for lifelong sensory encoding.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Sleep fragmentation in critically ill children: a review of contributing factors in the pediatric intensive care unit and neurodevelopmental outcomes.Frontiers in sleep · 2025Review
- REM refines and rescues memory representations: a new theory.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2025Review
- The role of light exposure in infant circadian rhythm establishment: A scoping review perspective.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Night Sleep, Parental Bedtime Practices and Language Development in Low-Risk Preterm and Full-Term Late Talkers: A Longitudinal Study in the Third Year of Life.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Sleep as a driver of pre- and postnatal brain development.Pediatric research · 2024Review
- Mapping the physiological changes in sleep regulation across infancy and young childhood.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe architecture and function of sleep during infancy and early childhood has not been fully described in the scientific literature. The impact of early sleep disruption on cognitive and physical development is also under-studied. The aim of this review was to investigate early childhood sleep development over the first two years and its association with neurodevelopment.
methodsThis review was conducted according to the 2009 PRISMA guidelines. Four databases (OVID Medline, Pubmed, CINAHL, and Web of Science) were searched according to predefined search terms.
resultsNinety-three studies with approximately 90,000 subjects from demographically diverse backgrounds were included in this review. Sleep is the predominant state at birth. There is an increase in NREM and a decrease in REM sleep during the first two years. Changes in sleep architecture occur in tandem with development. There are more studies exploring sleep and early infancy compared to mid and late infancy and early childhood. DISCUSSION: Sleep is critical for memory, learning, and socio-emotional development. Future longitudinal studies in infants and young children should focus on sleep architecture at each month of life to establish the emergence of key characteristics, especially from 7-24 months of age, during periods of rapid neurodevelopmental progress.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.