ReviewBMC women's health2022
Investigation on prevalence and risk factors associated with genitourinary syndrome of menopause in middle-aged and older women in Beijing community: a cross sectional study.
Review in BMC women's health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Musculoskeletal discomfort, urinary incontinence, and health-related quality of life in female farmers aged 40-65 years: a cross-sectional comparative study from rural Türkiye.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Risk Factors Associated With the Number of Symptoms and Distress Caused by Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause in Taiwanese Women.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Genitourinary Syndrome of the Menopause in Jordanian Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary Hospital in Jordan.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Review
- Scale development and validation of perimenopausal women disability index in the workplace.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Effect of Vitamin D on the Proliferation and Barrier of Atrophic Vaginal Epithelial Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGenitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) comprises genital symptoms (dryness, burning, itching, irritation, bleeding), sexual symptoms (dyspareunia and other sexual dysfunctions) and urinary symptoms (dysuria, frequency, urgency, recurrent urinary infections) associated with menopause. To avoid invasive testing and painful physical examinations, validated questionaries, which can assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with symptoms of GSM. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with GSM in middle-aged and older women in the communities of Beijing, China.
methodsA cross-sectional, questionnaire study was performed among 35-70 years old Chinese woman. Vaginal health index score and urinary distress inventory (UDI-6) was used to evaluate vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) and urinary incontinence (UI). Stages of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) was measured during gynecological examination with POP-Q system. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) and proportion/percentages were used to summarize continuous and categorial variables respectively. The Bonferroni method was used to adjust for multiple comparisons.
resultsA total of 2702/3000 participants completed the questionnaire survey. The mean ± SD age of participants was 53.7 ± 7.0 years and prevalence of VVA among participants was 34.8% (941/2702). In UDI-6 questionnaires total 47.5% (1284/2702) participants reported experiencing urinary incontinence (UI). Further, POP was highly prevalent in anterior vaginal wall 38.9% (1050/2702) followed by posterior vaginal wall 25.3% (683/2702) and uterine 22.2% (599/2702). Besides, multiple logistic regression analysis inferred older age (45-54 years [OR (95% CI): 3.38 (2.03, 5.64)]; 55-64 years [OR (95% CI): 8.63 (5.09, 14.64)]), menopause [OR (95% CI): 2.20 (1.71, 2.85)] and Faecal Inconsistence (FI) [OR (95% CI): 1.31(1.00, 1.72)] as independent risk factors for VVA.
conclusionsOur study evidenced that GSM is prevalent in old age Chinese women. GSM is related with UI, POP and VVA. Further older age, menopause and FI were risk factors associated with VVA. Our findings could help health care personnel to get a comprehensive overview of factors associated with VVA and urinal distress, which may facilitate early detection and prevention of GSM.
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Registered trials
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