ReviewAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2023
Two-Photon Polymerization: Fundamentals, Materials, and Chemical Modification Strategies.
Review in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed.
- Closing the Loop: High-Precision 3D Photofabrication in Living Tissues.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Advances in veterinary drug and vaccine delivery: from conventional delivery methods to innovative transdermal approaches.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- Recent Advances in Two-Photon Lithography of 3D Inorganic Microstructures: Glass, Ceramics, Metals, and Carbon.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Heat-Suppressing Projection Two-Photon Lithography Enables High-Throughput Sub-Micrometer Manufacturing of Biopolymer Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Let There Be Light: Photo-Induced Reaction Synthesis-Advancing Manufacturing Horizons.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Panchromatic Photocatalysis using a Ruthenium Polypyridyl Complex.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Rapid Water-Soluble Sacrificial Scaffolds for Unconstrained 3D Microfabrication via Two-Photon Lithography.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Multiphoton Absorption in Branched Quadrupolar Diquinoxalines for Two-Photon Polymerization Design.ACS physical chemistry Au · 2026Article
- Second-Harmonic Hyper-Mie Optical Activity Enables Closed-Loop Chiral Photochemistry.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Solid Ethanol as a Renewable, Low-Toxicity, Electron-Beam Direct Write, and Biomedical Material.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Exploiting Device Deformability for Fluid and Particle Manipulation.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Multi-Layer Control with Disturbance Observers for a Long-Travel Dual-Stage Precision Positioning Platform.Micromachines · 2026Article
- Research Progress on Preparation Technology, Structure Optimization and Properties of 3D-Printed Porous Ceramics.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Hybrid auxetic metamaterial platforms enabling multiscale isotropic expansion for distortion-free stretchable displays.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Amplified Spontaneous Emission Enhancement in FAPbIACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026Article
- MXene 3D-AJP: Three-Dimensional Well-Oriented Freeform Networks of 2D MXene Nanosheets via Aerosol-Based 3D Printing.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Differentiable library-based inverse design of achromatic metalens for full-color near-eye displays.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Planar and Homeotropic Liquid Crystal Alignment on 3D-Nanoprinted Layers and Microstructures.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026Article
- Smart microdevices for biomedical drug delivery: endogenous stimuli as the key to safer therapeutics.RSC advances · 2026Review
- Additive manufacturing for Dentistry: A comprehensive review of techniques and applications.Progress in materials science · 2026Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Two-photon polymerization (TPP) has become a premier state-of-the-art method for microscale fabrication of bespoke polymeric devices and surfaces. With applications ranging from the production of optical, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and microfluidic devices, TPP has grown immensely in the past two decades. Significantly, the field has expanded from standard acrylate- and epoxy-based photoresists to custom formulated monomers designed to change the hydrophilicity, surface chemistry, mechanical properties, and more of the resulting structures. This review explains the essentials of TPP, from its initial conception through to standard operating principles and advanced chemical modification strategies for TPP materials. At the outset, the fundamental chemistries of radical and cationic polymerization are described, along with strategies used to tailor mechanical and functional properties. This review then describes TPP systems and introduces an array of commonly used photoresists including hard polyacrylic resins, soft hydrogel acrylic esters, epoxides, and organic/inorganic hybrid materials. Specific examples of each class-including chemically modified photoresists-are described to inform the understanding of their applications to the fields of tissue-engineering scaffolds, micromedical, optical, and drug delivery devices.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.